STCW95

󰲃 󰎋 󰿯 󱖄󰓝󰭯󱆶󰭯󱈞󰩇󰙣󰲔󱙃(UN & IMO) 󱙁󰏟

󰭯󱈞󰲔󱙃󰢂󰎋󱅿󱁠󰭯󰣚󰞑󰇵󰓭󰒞󱊱󰞑󰓭󰭯󰲔󰔋󱐒󱄬󰇴󰎥󰢂󰙿󰦁󰐰󰎢󰞑󰭯󰧎󰇴󰚁󰡹󰛬󰜈󰎓󰒇󱃘󱡏󰇵󰦁󰎓󰇴󰣁󰟦󰺾󰭯󱈞󰻔󰓝󰕢󰏐󰒞󰞑󰇴󰐰󰎋󰛓󰞑󰚐󱝼󰜈󰗎󰔄󰴬󰳛󰏐󱐒󱄬󰇴󱆀󰣁󰭯󱈞󰲔󱙃󰇶󱃴󱡏󰎢󰇴󰭯󱈞󰲔󱙃󰔖󰡹󰛬󰲔󱙃󰈐IGO󰈑󰇵󰟚󰡹󰛬󰲔󱙃󰈐NGO󰈑󱆶󱁠󰭯󰏦󰑙󰇶󱖄󰓝󰭯󰢂󰎋󰦁󰭯󱈞󰲔󱙃󰇴󰙩󱏵󰈠󰐨󰣚󰞕󱛽󰔃󱠘󰈡1994󰔃󰞀󰇴󰽮󰦩󰭯󱕴󱊧󰣁184󰦁(󰙥󰢪38/󰟚󰢪53/󰜎󰎍󰤍󰢪33/󰜿󱊻27/󰕋󱊻/22󰑇󰤍11)󰇴󰗚󰭯󰜭1971󰔃󰬏󰑀󱖄󰓝󰭯󰇴󰭯󱈞󰲔󱙃󰵳󰐯󰓄󰥟󰯨󰬨󰗚󰭯󰽮󱝤󰇴󰟈󰔃󰙰󰇴󰡹󰛬󰯢󰧖󰭯󱈞󰏯󰇵󰓄󰱚󰏯󰞑󰡼󰡹󰱛󰛺󰇴󰭖󰑃󰭯󱈞󰲔󱙃󱆶󰢲󰭏󰢂󰓄󰭯󰞑󰓅󰓕󰶺󰰈󰇶

󰙩󱏵󱖄󰓝󰭯󰎵󰽮1991󰔃12󰐔20󰐒󰳯󱁸󰞑󰲃46/221󱀦󰘌󱝼󰇴󰓚󰽮󰦩󰭯󱃹󰜭󱖄󰓝󰭯󰞑󰿶󰺤󰑸󰻪󱟽󰢴󰇴󰜍󱏼󰽮󰺤󰐚󰙯󰇴󰐰󰤍󰭯󰴨󰬯󰣁25%󰇴2005󰔃󰤍󰭯󰏩󱟽󱖄󰓝󰭯󰮤󱄊󱂣󱆉󰤊4󱈹3,960 󰿤󰤍󰏡󰇴󰕠󰤍󰭯󰱲󱝼󰬣󰳯󱁸2006󰔃󰮒󰕴2,200󰿤󰤍󰏡󰁦󰐒󰒁󰣁

12.45%󰇴󱀀󰎵󰕳󰣁4.29%󰇴󱉺󰭯󰣁8.93%󰇴󰝤󰭯6%󰇴󰑃󰧾󰎵3.11%󰇴󰏍󰭯󰎵󰴌0.77%󰇴󰳭󰢂󰽮󰦩󰭯󰞑󱔈󱅰󰞑󱀀󰭍󰇶󱖄󰓝󰭯󰞑󰭯󱈞󰲔󱙃󰿶󰺤󰐍󰑀󰔋󰟏󰙐󰳲󰇴󰓵1946󰔃󰣁1,939󰿤󰤍󰏡󰇴1972󰔃󱁲2.13󱈹󰤍󰏡󰇴1978󰔃24.32󱈹󰤍󰏡󰇶

󱖄󰓝󰭯󱏦󰴕󰈐The Charter of The United Nations󰈑󰜭1945󰔃󰳯󱁸󰥀󰔖 19 󰴕111󰰚󰇺

󰙩󱏵󱁀󱏦󰴕󰲃󰎟󰴕󰲃󰎎󰰚󰇴󰳛󰔖󰏤󰦁󰐬󰤾󱐒󱄬󰇺

1. 󰎵󰽮󰈐General Assembly󰈑󰇵

2. 󰓼󰓄󰱛󰙣󰽮󰈐Security Council󰈑󰇵

3. 󰿶󱔮󰏷󰞗󰽮󰱛󰙣󰽮󰈐Economic and Social Council󰈑󰇵

4. 󰫼󱆅󰱛󰙣󰽮󰈐Trusteeship Council󰈑󰇵

5. 󰭯󱈞󰝤󰬣󰈐Interational Court of Justice󰈑󰇵

6. 󰪝󰨜󰳀 (Secretariat)

󰐬󱆅󱖄󰓝󰭯󰭯󱈞󰩇󰙣󰞑IMO󰇴󰚁󱆶󱖄󰓝󰭯󰞑󱜢󰟯󰓵󱃙2-1

󱖄󰓝󰭯󰎵󰽮 󰞗󰽮󰱛󰙣󰽮󰿶󱔮󰇵󰓼󰱛󰽮 󰫼󱆅󰱛󰙣󰽮󰪝󰨜󰳀 󰭯󱈞󰝤󰬣 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 󰭯󱈞󰒇󰒔󰫐󰞜󰲔󱙃󰭯󱈞󰴮󰏀󰲔󱙃 󰨷󱃧󰤎󰔫󰭜󱔌󰐨󰣚󱍁󰒓󰲔󱙃󰐨󰣚󰨻󰺝󰲔󱙃 IMO 󱃙2-1 󰭯󱈞󰩇󰙣󰲔󱙃󱆶󱖄󰓝󰭯(UN)󰞑󰲔󱙃󰘳󰲍

󱁗󰨑󰙰󰾍󰇺󰒁󰣴󰘲󱏾󰱛

󱖄󰓝󰭯󰎵󰽮󰒗󰓄󱡏󰽮󰦩󰭯󰲔󰔋󰇴󰘂󰎋󰽮󰦩󰭯󰑀󰧢󰎵󰽮󰞑󰐶󰟄󰥛󰣁󰏖󰎓󰇴󰘂󰎋󰽮󰦩󰭯󰻻󰔖󰎋󰗫󰱻󱟾󰇴󱖄󰓝󰭯󰽮󰦩󰑑󰏩󰣁󰎟󱜪󰇺󰖹󰓄󰽮󰦩󰇵󰦑󰽮󰦩(associate)󰇵󰳽󰏩󰽮󰦩󰇶󰖹󰓄󰽮󰦩󰑑󰐰󰭖󱆶󰭯󱈞󰲔󱙃󰞑󰜌󰔖󰢲󰭏󰙠󰚀󰔖󰖹󰓄󰞑󱟾󰕳󱆶󱀀󰭍󰇴󰦑󰽮󰦩(associate)󰜈󱖄󱛠󰽮󰦩󰑑󰐰󰭖󱆶󰭯󱈞󰲔󱙃󰞑󰔖󱜢󰢲󰭏󰙠󰏌󰚀󰔖󰖹󰓄󰞑󱟾󰕳󱆶󱀀󰭍󰇴󰒭󰸄󰟄󰘌󱟾󰇴󰳽󰏩󰽮󰦩󰡰󰭖󰑃󰭯󱈞󰲔󱙃󰞑󰳽󰏩󰢲󰭏󰇶

󰗚󰭯󰲭󰦩󱛾󰾣󰇴󰏍󰭯󰎵󰴌󰠹󱆀󰓕󰽀󰐚󰾣󰥩󰷝󱊳󰔄󰇴󰐰󰦑󰽮󰦩(associate)󰞑󰳕󰛓󰭺󰕉󰇴󰕠󰔖󰽞󰭯󰨱󰏷󰏌󰲄󰭯󰧎󱐱󰒥󰔾󰐬󰕳󰩻󰇶

󰭯󱈞󰩇󰙣󰲔󱙃(International Maritime Organization)󰞑󱍍󰒓󰇴󰟯󱖄󰓝󰭯󰜭1948󰔃3󰐔6󰐒󰓧󰐒󰏣󰒑󰑔󰻒󰩇󰙣󰽮󱝼󰇴󰳛󰒥Inter-governmental Maritime Consultative Organization 󰇴󰜭1982󰔃󰗳󰓜󰣁󰭯󱈞󰩇󰙣󰲔󱙃󰈐IMO󰈑󰇴󰽮󰖟󰳛󰓧󰤮󰭯󰦉󰶩󰇴󰴬󰳛󰛒󰔑󰇽󰟦󰺾󰓚󰭯󱃹󰭯󱈞󰫐󱁮󰙣󰽰󰞑󰓝󰕢󰇵󰟦󰙬󰓚󰭯󰡹󰛬󰯦󰚗󰴨󰬯󱊱󰾗󰞑󰩇󰙣󰓼󰓄󰳛󰡼󰏷󰫐󱁮󰳛󰴢󰇵󰩃󰬨󰭯󱈞󰫐󱁮󰧡󰕱󰡑󱁶󰏷󰟚󰑸󰤾󰞑󰥛󰚋󰇵󱃹󰜭󰫐󱁮󰣚󰯦󰕉󰏕󰶁󰏦󰑳󰞑󰯛󰡼󰇶 󰭯󱈞󰩇󰙣󰲔󱙃󰈐IMO󰈑󰞑󰐬󰤾󱐒󱄬󰇺

󰎵󰽮 󰇺󰣁󰘌󰸼󱐒󱄬󰇴󰘂󰙿󰔃󰻒󰎋󰔛󰽮󰇶 󰱛󰙣󰽮󰇺󰣁󰹈󰿉󱌌󰤊󰙣󰛕󰫸󱍕 󰛁󰦩󰽮󰇺󰟯󰙩󰮑󰽰󰜄󱍦󰏩󰏀󰎻󰲔

󰩇󰙣󰓼󰓄󰛁󰦩󰽮󰈐Maritime Safety Committee󰈑IMO󰓄󱡏󰽮󰦩󰖡󰣁󰔋󰦩󰇶 󰩇󰙣󱕉󱃜󰟥󱟈󰛁󰦩󰽮󰈐Maritime Enviroment Protection Committee󰈑 󰝤󰡓󰛁󰦩󰽮󰈐Legal Committee󰈑

󰗞󰳌󰓝󰕢󰛁󰦩󰽮󰈐Technical Cooperation Committee󰈑

󰪝󰨜󰟏󰇺󰒗󰱛󰙣󰽮󰒺󰚮󰇴󰳀󰱛󰽮󰭍󰏷󰏦󰤊󰇴󱝢󰻒󰽮󰦩󰎵󰽮

󰭯󱈞󰩇󰙣󰲔󱙃(IMO)󰓧󰩇󰎢󰓼󰓄󰐑󰥟󰸧󰑲󱁨󰥙󰤾󰞑󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰔖󰇺

1.󰩇󰎢󰎓󰚮󰓼󰓄󰏦󰤊 (SOLAS)

International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea

2.󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰲭󰲬󱁩󰥙󱌕 ( LL )

International Convention 0n Load Line 1966

3.󰲍󰎋󰲭󰲬󱏒󰕏󰎡󰻆󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊 (UTM)

International Convention for Uniform of Tonnage Measurementof Ships 1969

4.󰩇󰎢󱗉󰿘󰳕󰟾󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊 (RCS)

International Regulations Reverting Collision at Sea 1972

5.󰭯󱈞󰩇󰙣󱍁󰢃󰲔󱙃󰏦󰤊 ( INMARSAT )

International Convention 0n the International Maritime Satellite Organization 1976

6.󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󰇵󰸧󱛾󰏷󰾽󰥶󱊱󰾗󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊 (STCW 78 )

Convention 0n Standard of Traiing󰇴Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafares󰇴1778

7󰩇󰎢󰽜󰪩󱆶󰯱󰕷󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊 (MSR)

1979 International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue

8.󰭯󱈞󰓼󰓄󱆅󰱛󰳕󰴕 (ISM Code) International Safety Management Code

󰏦󰩇(The High Seas) 󰔾󰒗󰦚󰟾󰢂󰎋󰻨󰏦󱇡󰞑󰱛󰛺 (1982󰔃󱖄󰓝󰭯󰩇󰢩󰏦󰤊󰲃87󰰚) 󰇴󰓢󰔜󰇴󰭯󱈞󰲔󱙃󰭷󰜭󱁀󰱛󰛺󰏷󰦚󰟾󰇴󰑸󰛓󰽮󰴌󱞻󰚋󰛓󰚬󰛯󰞑󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰇴󰐰󱆢󱟈󰩇󰎢󰎓󰚮󰬄󰱢󰞑󰓼󰓄󱆶󰩇󰢩󱁗󰾍󰞑󰒉󱞻󰿶󱔼󰇴󰐰󰎢󰻻󰢂󱃹󰜭󱃴󰡼󰷝󰎱󰭯󱆅󰚋󰨔󰇴󰔖󱜢󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󱛾󰾣󰢗󱡍󰭷󰒁󰞑󰏦󰤊󰻨󰒞󰇶

󰲃 󰎒 󰿯 󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊STCW 󰽷󰤾

󰮵DAMA, Databank to Safeguard Maritime Operations years 1981-1996󱁗󰨑󱇥󰜴󰇺 󰐰4,000󰦁󰩇󰙣󰽀󰑦󰙣󰡺󰏐󰦚󰓢󰏩󰝋󰲍󰥀󰹈󰝀󱡉󰒢󰇴 󰎋󰫓󰦚󰓢󰏍󰔖

23 %󰣁󰗞󰳌󰓢󰪨󰇴

77 %󰟾󰣁󰎓󰣁󰓢󰪨󰇶

󰓧󱏹󰲭󰞑󰩇󰙣󰽀󰑦󰙣󰡺󰎓󰣁󰓢󰪨󰏍󰇴

38 %󰢂󰫈󰎚󱆶󱍾󰜄󰓢󰪨󰇴 24 %󰣁󰸳󰗇󱆶󰏀󰕢󰰚󰒹󰏐󰓢󰪨󰇴 38 %󰵩󰢂󰲔󱙃󰎢󰞑󰓢󰪨󰇶

󰔶󰚁󰏍󰞑󰸳󰗇󱆶󰏀󰕢󰰚󰒹󰐰󰏷󰲔󱙃󰸻󰓢󰪨󰟾󱆶󱆅󰱛󰔖󰽵󰎵󰞑󰣬󱜢󰜄󰇴󰎨󰵩󰢂󱇥󰇴󰓢󰣁󱆅󰱛󰜌󰳷󰔋󰞑󰎓󰣁󰓢󰪨󰵩󰕞󰎑76 %󰇴󰔶󰚁󰏍󰎞󰔖󰟈50 %󱆶󰛞󰎢󰏦󰑙󰞑󰲭󰦩󱆅󰱛󰔖󱜢󰇴󰛄󰐪󰏌󱍕󰔜󰓢󰪨󰞑󱆒󱋴󰡋󰣁󰕖󰇴󰔜󰒭󱇥󰜴󰎑󰲭󰭍󰏦󰑙󰲭󰦩󰞑󰫽󱌍󱆅󰱛󱆶󱃹󰜭󰲭󰲬󰞑󰙣󰡺󰔖󰥙󰎵󰞑󱉹󱟜󰇶

󰲭󰦩󱍾󰨱󱇡󱛾󰫽󱌍󰢂󰲭󰲬󰫐󰕉󰓼󰓄󰞑󰟥󱈝󰇴󰕠󰐨󰣚󰓚󰭯󰿶󱔮󰸧󰧖󰸳󰡋󰏌󰓕󰇴󰫽󱌍󰐝󰾗󰏌󰎋󰇴󰣁󱆢󰡭󱏹󰲭󰗞󰳌󰞑󰴨󰕥󱊱󰾗󰇴󰓢󰔜󰇴󰭯󱈞󰩇󰙣󰲔󱙃󰈐IMO󰈑1978󰔃7󰐔7󰐒󰎪󰤮󰭯󰦉󰶩󱖐󱒤󰮑󰨢󰽮󱝼󰇴󱃹󰜭󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󰸧󱛾󰏐󰳕󱌄󰇴󰒅󰔄󰛓󰨢󰣁󰇺The International Convention on Standards of Training Certification and Watch-keeping for Seafarers 1978󰈐hereafter called STCW 78󰈑󰇴󰙠󰙩󱖄󰓝󰭯󱏦󰴕󰲃102󰰚󰇺

󰈨󰒁󱏦󰴕󰒓󰨏󰡕󰇴󱖄󰓝󰭯󰒺󰕖󰽮󰦩󰭯󰜌󱌌󰹈󰏐󰎋󰏪󰰚󰤊󰏷󰭯󱈞󰚐󰛓󱔈󱅰󰳲󰓧󰪝󰨜󰳀󰸦󰫶󰇴󰙠󰒗󰪝󰨜󰳀󰏦󰕩󰏐󰇶

󰾽󰙣󰭯󱃹󰜭󰒂󰿶󰙩󰒁󰰚󰲃󰎋󰻨󰳕󰛓󰏐󰰚󰤊󰏷󰭯󱈞󰚐󰛓󰇴󰏌󰮳󰓛󱖄󰓝󰭯󰒺󰕖󱐒󱜢󰶢󰐇󰏐󰈩󰇶

󰮒󰏦󰤊󰓄󰐎󰬌󱖄󰓝󰭯󰪝󰨜󰟏󰸦󰫶󰏦󰕩󰇴󱁀󰏦󰤊󰜭1984󰔃4󰐔28󰐒󰓄󰥟󰒓󰨏󰇴󰏦󰤊󰞑󱆒󱀀󰓧󰩇󰎢󰎓󰚮󰬄󰱢󰏐󰓼󰓄󰏷󰩇󰎢󱕉󰟥󰇴󱁀󰏦󰤊󰻒󰛒󰜴󱀀󰞑󰠹󰒢󰈸 To promote safety of life and property at sea and the protection of marine environment. 󰈹 󰏦󰤊󰐬󰤾󰞑󰏣󰧒󰔖󰇺󰒁󰐎󰥀󰎜󰎎󰰚󰏷󰟕󱒵󰏤󰴕󰇴

󰚁󰟕󱒵󰢂󱏹󰕢󰜄󰞑󰳕󰛓󰇴󱃹󰜭󱏹󰲭󰞑󰐬󰤾󱍾󰨱󰫽󱌍󰰚󰒹󰖡󱁁󰲒󰰚󰓈󰇴󰢂󰲭󰦩󰡹󰸼󰞑󰥙󰤾󰙩󰵻󰐎󰒹󰇶󰏣󰧒󰓵󰎠󰇺

Annex Regulations

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 󰋧 General provisions 󰳯󰟾 Chapter 󰋨 Master deck department 󰲭󰟏 Chapter 󰋩 Engine department 󱍺󱐒

Chapter 󰋪 Radio department 󰸄󱌕󱂝󰳯󰫻 Chapter 󰋫 Special requirements for tankers 󰰨󰳤󰲭󰩝󰕱󰳕󰛓 Chapter 󰋬 Proficiency in survival craft 󰯱󰒓󰹃`󱋕󰮼󰫽󱌍

󰗚󰭯󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󰸧󱛾󱛾󰨜󰏐󰨏󰎚󰓵󰤾󰭯󱈞󱇡󰓕󰇴󰑸󰻪󰙩󱏵󰒁󰏦󰤊󰞑󰲃󰑤󰰚󰳕󰛓󰇴󰮒󰗚󰭯󰲭󰫽󰣬󱜢󰐎󰒹󰇵󱁗󰨑󰬌󱁲󰭯󱈞󰩇󰙣󰲔󱙃(IMO)󰞑󱐒󱜢󰇴󱁀󰳕󰛓󰓵󰎠󰇺 󱁗󰨑󰏐󱈀󰬌 (communication of information)

1.󰓚󱌌󰤊󰭯󰓧󱃴󱈞󰑑󰕉󱌄󰵎󰏣󰇴󱔈󱅰󰳲󰮒󰎠󰓈󱁗󰨑󰶜󰬌IMO󰪝󰨜󰟏󰇺

(1) 󰵩󰒁󰏦󰤊󱌄󰵎󰏣󰏐󰝤󰡓󰇵󰝤󰐷󰇵󰚮󰐷󰇵󰳕󰟾󰏷󰐎󰒹󰇹

(2) 󰘂󰎋󰣴󰲞󱍐󰸳󰏣󰧒󰏷󰣴󰲞󰶺󰻔󰏐󰲒󰿯󰇴󰙩󱏵󰒁󰏦󰤊󱛝󰸧󰏐󱛾󰨜󰜌󰻪󰞕󰭯󰧎󰔵󱁂󰏷󰚁󰐴󰳕󰛓󰇹

(3) 󰙩󱏵󰒁󰏦󰤊󱛝󰸧󱛾󰨜󰏐󰙉󰭼󱊬󰒁󰇶

2.󰪝󰨜󰟏󱔈󰮒󰙩󱏵󰟻󰻨󰲃(1)󰷓󰜌󰔏󰚉󰏐󱁗󰨑󰏩󰬌󰓄󱡏󱌌󰤊󰭯󰇴󰐀󰚁󰣁󱁲󰔋󰒁󰏦󰤊󰲃󰎐󰰚󰏷󰲃󰎜󰰚󰏐󰒞󰞑󰇴󱔈󰡔󱌌󰤊󰭯󰏐󱍎󰇴󰮒󰙩󰟻󰻨󰲃(2)󰷓󰏷󰲃(3)󰷓󰜌󰔏󰚉󰏐󱁗󰨑󰶜󰙮󰓚󱌌󰤊󰭯󰇶

󰒁󰰚󱁁󰥊󱌌󰤊󱁗󰨑󱈀󰬌󰞑󰐑󰔄󰇴󰓢󰣁󰗚󰭯󰏌󰢂󱖄󰓝󰭯󰽮󰦩󰭯󰇴󰒭󰒂󰢂󱁀󰏦󰤊󰞑󱛝󰤊󰭯󰇴󰳭󰢂󰗚󰭯󰓧󰭯󱈞󰞗󰽮󰢲󰭏󰞑󰞓󱗺󰇴󰒭󰢂󱁀󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊(STCW 78/95)󰏦󰓅󰡹󰸼󰓢󰏒󰞑󰹱󰎚󱗺󰇶

󰒁󰏦󰤊󰞑󰐬󰤾󰒞󰞑󰢂󱙖󱊱󰾗󰞑󰫽󱌍󰳕󰟾󰇴󱋴󱇡󰲭󰎢󰜺󰭍󰏐󰫐󰩇󰎓󰦩󰚀󰔖󱍾󰾽󱁗󰨱󰏷󰭺󰽰󰫈󰎚󰇴󰙠󱋴󰟥󰩇󰎢󰎓󰚮󰏷󰬄󰱢󰞑󰓼󰓄󰙠󱆢󱟈󰩇󰎢󱕉󱃜󰇶

󰬞󱃹󰎓󰓢󱜢󰟯󱆶󰫐󰓼󰞑󱜢󱖄󰜄󰇴󰭯󱈞󰩇󰙣󰲔󱙃(IMO)󰸧󰑲1978󰔃󰫐󰩇󰎓󰦩󰫽󱌍󰇵󰸧󱛾󰏷󰾽󰥶󱊱󰾗󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰟕󱒵󰏐1995󰔃󰦅󰒅󰨢󰇴󰮮󰏯󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󰏷󰚁󱍾󰒺󰜄󰺑󰕗󰇴󰮒󰦚STCW 78󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰟕󱒵󰦅󰒅󰣁󰇺

󰘌󱝼󰨢󰎋󰈨1978󰔃󰫐󰩇󰎓󰦩󰫽󱌍󰇵󰸧󱛾󰏷󰾽󰥶󱊱󰾗󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰟕󱒵󰦅󰒅󰨢󰏐󰯦󰪯󰈩 󰘌󱝼󰨢󰎒󰈨󰫐󰩇󰎓󰦩󰫽󱌍󰇵󰸧󱛾󰏷󰾽󰥶󰴕󰸳STCW Code󰏐󰯦󰪯󰈩󰇴󰣁A󱌇󱆶B󱌇 A 󱌇󰣁STCW󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰟕󱒵󰏐󰮮󰚋󰜄󱊱󰾗󰇴

B 󱌇󰣁STCW󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰟕󱒵󰏐󰡌󱝼󰾗󰟾󰇶

󰒁󰏦󰤊A󱌇󰑸󰻪󰮮󰚋󰓄󰥟󱃴󰡼󰇴󰚁󰻨󰒞󰟯󰴨󰕥󰺑󰕗󱊱󰾗󰇴󰫽󱌍󰸧󱛾󰏣󰧒󰑸󰻪󰖹󰓄󰲄󰓝󰇴󰢂󰷝󰎱󰭯󱆅󰚋󱔠󰢗󰞑󰥙󰤾󰻨󰒞󰇶 󱍾󰒺󱛾󰨜󰏐󰫈󰎚󰐰󱏹󰲭󰑄󰫈󰏩󰣁󰇺

a.󱏹󰲭󰑄󰫈󰎎󰮑󰟏seven functions 󰇺

1. 󰫐󰩇 navigation

2. 󰳤󰞂󰕢󰽰󱆶󱓯󰓸cargo handing andstowage

3. 󰲭󰲬󱏹󰯓󱆶󱆅󰱛controlling the operation of the ship and care for persons on board 4.󱍺󱐒󰏀󰸳 marine engineering

5.󱐒󱂝󰯓󰚋󰏀󰸳 electrical󰇴electronic and control engineering 6.󰟥󱎦󰏷󱆢󰦅 maintenance and repair 7.󰸄󱌕󱂝󰳯󰟞 radiocommunications

b.󰫐󰕉󰳢󰒺󰎟󱉫󰪭three level responsibility󰇺

1. 󱆅󰱛󰪭 management level 2. 󱏹󰕢󰪭 operational level 3. 󰕷󰱛󰪭 support level

󰗚󰭯󰈤󰩇󰭘󰝤󰈥󰜭1999󰔃7󰐔27󰐒󰦅󰒅󰇴󰮒󰔖󱜢󰲭󰦩󰏐󱟾󰕳󱀀󰭍󰳕󰛓󰕴󰬨󰇴󰙠󰜭1999󰔃6󰐔23󰐒󰇴󰐰󱕴󰲍󰹮󱕴󰎋󱀀󰓷󰲃8800142720󱀦󰐷󰏦󰕩󰈤󰲭󰦩󰝤󰈥󰥀93󰰚󰇴󰻒󰛒󰜴󱀀󰇴󰚋󰛓󰲭󰦩󰝤󰟯󰤾󰑃󰮮󰲭󰦩󰭻󰫽󰇴󰣬󱜢󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󰳕󰛓󰰚󰐎󰓵󰎠󰇺

󰲃6󰰚󰇺󰲭󰦩󱁗󰨱󱔈󰲄󰓝󰎋󰎐󰎎󰎖󰔃󰫐󰩇󰎓󰦩󰫽󱌍󰇵󰸧󱛾󰏷󰾽󰥶󱊱󰾗󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰳕󰛓󰇴󰚁󰫽󱌍󰇵󱔠󳉙󰏷󰒙󱍎󰨡󰸧󱛾󰨜󱒤󰝤󰇴󰒗󰒬󰳯󰳽󰛓󰏐󰇶

󰲃󰰚󰇺󰒁󰝤󰒂󰳕󰛓󰙣󰻨󰇴󰩋󰏷󰭯󱈞󰙣󰭍󰞣󰇴󰒬󰳯󰳽󰮳󰭖󰾣󰔖󱜢󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰜈󰚐󰛓󰏷󰚁󰟕󰤊󰜌󰥁󰳕󰟾󰇵󱒤󰝤󰇵󱊱󰾗󰇵󰡌󱝼󰜈󰸳󰔄󰇴󰯦󰒔󰸧󰕩󰡼󰕉󰇶

󰓢󰔜󰇴󱗨󰸅󰗚󰭯󰏌󰢂󰭯󱈞󰩇󰙣󰲔󱙃(IMO)󰏐󰽮󰦩󰇴󱃹󰜭󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰖡󱙯󰥉󰣁󱃴󱈞󰞑󱔈󰒔󰝤󰳕󰏷󰯲󰘻󰫽󱌍󰡹󰸼󰇴󰓵󰒬󰳯󰳽󰫐󰡹󰑙󰲭󰦩󰣽27󰻨󱙍󰶓󰏍󰇴󰲃󰎋󰻨󰵩󰢂󰇺󰲭󰦩󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰏐󱇡󰑑󱆶󰡼󰕉󰇶󱛾󰜴󰲭󰦩󰙣󰭍󰞑󰭯󱈞󰏯󰇴󰙠󰏂󱋴󱃴󰭺󰕉󰇴󰹓󱅰󰫐󱁮󰓼󰓄󱅱󰿎󰞑󰳢󰒺󰇶

󰎋󰫓󰎓󱃹󰜭󰭯󰧎󱌓󰓈󱂣󱆉󰐬󱏤󰫐󱁮󰏦󰑙󰫽󱌍󰲭󰦩󰇴󰡐󱜤󰱛󱀾󰇴󰕠󰮵󰖻󱢀󰥟󰯖󰫸󰇴󰮒󰫽󱌍󰺎󰣁󰭯󰧎󰭷󱘵󰡌󰳛󰇴󰵩󰓵󰯲󰘻󰳽󱌓󰓈󱂣󱆉󱒤󰱛󰬯󰸻󰏷󱙍󰽰󰯲󰘻󰇴󱏢󰒓󰱥󰽰󰡕󰇴󰗫󰎕󱙍󰵑󰇶󰒬󰳯󰳽󰐬󱆅󰓄󰭯󰴌󰇵󰩇󰇵󰞜󰏐󰒬󰳯󱁮󱒡󰽰󰭍󰇴󰳢󰸄󰨒󰺪󰇴󰫐󰡹󰑙󰲭󰦩󰣽27󰻨󱙍󰶓󰏍󰇴󰲃󰏖󰻨󰵩󰢂󰇺󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󰥀󰸝󰏐󰣴󱔕󰏷󰫽󱌍󰔋󰝀󰏐󱔠󰫸󱆶󰗯󰺾󰇶󰙩󰲭󰦩󱇡󱛾󰸳󰡋󰏌󰓕󰇴󰑑󰏩󰣁󰒘󰪭󰲭󰦩󱆶󰎌󰪭󰲭󰦩󰇴󰎵󰮑󰬣󰨠󰫐󰩇󱍺󱐒󰣽󰘳󰱥󰽰󰇴󰳯󱁸󰔵󱁂󰬣󰮑󰟐󰗞󰳌󰎓󰦩󱁗󰨱󰔵󱁂󰇴󱔠󰟕󰣬󱜢󱁗󰨑󰒙󱍎󱙍󰽰󱛾󰾣󰿶󰒬󰳯󰳽󱉩󰗥󰡕󰇴󰨡󰹏󰏐󰭺󰽰󱛾󰨜󰇴󱆀󰏐󰣁󰒘󰪭󰲭󰦩󰇴󰓵󰲭󰟏󰇵󱍺󱐒󰟏󰇶󰬨󰔜󰏐󰑦󰇴󰖡󰣁󰎌󰪭󰲭󰦩󰇴󰓵󱈍󰓐󰇶󰒬󰳯󰳽󱃹󰜭 󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󰇴󰘂󰔃󰖡󱒥󰾣󰲭󰦩󰝤󰇵󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󱆶󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󰡹󰸼󰏷󰭯󰧎󰔵󱁂󰚋󰡋󰇴󰓧󰔖󰥛󰞑󱂣󱆉󱚐󰡋󰏣󰇴󰖹󰔋󰲭󰦩󰞑󰓚󰻨󰫽󱌍󰇴󰐰󰲄󰓝󰏦󰤊󰓼󰓄󰭺󰽰󰞑󰴨󰕥󱊱󰾗󰇴󰳭󰢂󰲭󰦩󰡹󰸼󱆶󰏦󰓅󰝯󰱛󰞑󰯗󰥉󰇶

󰓣󱟝󰗚󰭯󰡹󰛬󰔖󱜢󰱜󱙍󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󱂣󱆉󱌓󱇙󰞑󰞃󰝩󰇴󰒗󰜭󱂣󱆉󰝤󰜭1998.10.29󰦅

󰥁󰇴󰬛󰓝󱁀󰝤󰲃12󰰚󰏷󰲃99󰰚󰳕󰛓󰇴󰎖󰎜󰎐󰽮󰥀󰔃󰡋󱂣󱆉󰭺󰕉󰶺󰻔󰣁18󰦁󰐔󰇴󰱜󱙍󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󱂣󱆉󱌓󰓈24,275󰎯󰏡󰇴󰎖󰎜󰎖󰽮󰥀󰔃󰡋󱂣󱆉󱌓󰓈20,782󰎯󰏡󰇴󰓢󰔜󰎐󰎜󰽮󰥀󰔃󰡋󰏐󰱜󱙍󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󰽷󱆉󰦚󰟯󰭖󰔵󰟻󰓈󱊧󱚐󱌓󰓈󰇴󰐪󰓧󰒬󰳯󰳽󰽷󱆉󱉩󰢗󰎨󱁲󰔋󰚐󱝼󰇴󰓧󰬣󱂧󰽷󱆉󱚐󰡋󰏣󰇴󰙩󰦚󰥀󰸝󱍓󱏾󱌓󰓈󰇴󰕠󰚁󰐴󰣬󱜢󰵂󰕏󰏷󱉫󰧝󰛘󰒂󱃸󱝺󰙣󱄊󱝄󰥙󰜄󰇴󰿶󰒬󰳯󰳽󰫐󰡹󰑙󰽰󰭍󰐬󱆅(󰲭󰦩󰣽)󱆙󰡚󰴢󰖴󱇥󰛥󱁗󰨑󰇴󰑤󰳀󱇥󰜴󰱜󱙍󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󱂣󱆉󰏐󰑸󰤾󰜄󰇴󰓵󰒂󱍾󰨔󱌓󰓈󱃹󰲭󰦩󰇵󱃹󰭯󰧎󰽮󰔖󱝄󰥙󱉹󱟜󰇴󰴨󰟃󰥀󰸝󰨜󱁗󰨑󰞑󰟎󱚐󰤊󰣁11󱈹󰏡󰇴󰱛󰽃󰢂󰭏󰒔󰲃󰎒󱂣󰴢󰟎󰇴󱂣󱆉󰎋󰔛󰨡󱌓󰙉󱚐󰇴󰿶󰕉󰡹󰬣󰐬󰥀󰳀󰜭2000󰔃1󰐔27󰐒󰨜󰥟󰽀󰙀󰇺

󰈨󰒁󰨢󰳛󰴢󰏐󱖼󰿼󰏷󰱜󱙍󰲭󰦩󰏐󰮑󰽰󰫽󱌍󰸻󱈡󰿶󰺤11.86󱈹󰏡󰇴󱔕󰙩󱂣󱆉󰝤󰲃70󰰚󰳕󰛓󰭏󰐍󰲃󰎒󱂣󰴢󰟎󰐍󱔈󰎋󰿯󰇴󱠙󰜭󰒁󰎖󰎜󰎐󰽮󰥀󰔃󰡋󰏍󰑧󰡹󰛬󱕴󱂣󱆉󰲃󰎒󱂣󰴢󰟎󰈐󰙩󱏵󱂣󱆉󰝤󰲃22󰰚󰟯󰒗󰕉󰡹󰬣󱌓󰓈󰈑󰏂󰜌󱖽󰏌󰓭󰇴󰐪󰛘󱈡󰓢󱔈󰒂󰙰󱖏󰨔󰇵󰥙󰎵󰡹󰙣󱈡󰤾󰇴󰸄󰝤󰐍󱔈󰒁󰨢󰜌󱈡󰇶󰎞󰢗󰒁󰥀󱃄󰟯󱞦󰥙󰤾󰕉󰡹󰥀󱃄󰏐󱌄󰵎󰇴󰒁󰨢󰓵󰿶󱔠󰫸󰏝󰔖󱒤󰱛󰏐󰑸󰤾󰇴󱍎󰒬󰳯󰳽󰙩󰬣󱂧󰇺󰈤󰕉󰡹󰬣󰥙󰤾󰕉󰡹󰥀󱃄󰓃󰶺󰕢󰽰󱃴󰡼󰤾󱗺󰈥󰇴󰳕󰛓󰮒󰚀󱡏󱃴󰡼󰥀󱃄󰵔󰨡󰇴󰜌󱈡󰿶󰺤󰙠󰓧󰕉󰡹󰬣󰨡󰛓󰒬󰳯󰳽󰐬󱆅󰓚󰔃󰡋󰾃󰑀󰽷󱆉󱚐󰡋󱌄󰵎󰏣󱔠󰫸󱌓󰓈󰽷󱆉󰡕󰇴󰵻󱂣󱆉󰸳󰗇󰵔󰨡󰇴󰏌󰛕󰭏󰐍󰲃󰎒󱂣󰴢󰟎󰐍󱔈󰇶󰈩

󰣁󰔵󰻆󰡹󰛬󱏾󱡏󰬄󰡹󰓢󰪨󰇴󰵳󰿶󰗩󱍂󰇵󰚐󰭘󰡕󰇴󰐰󰽥󰑠󱃾4󱈹󰏡󰨡󰛓󱌓󰓈󰇴󱁀󰻨󱂣󱆉󰝾󰚗󱃴󰓧󰏌󰜰󰇴(󰾽󰨔󰇴󱂣󱆉󰞑󰕉󰡹󰕢󰽰󰏷󰒥󰝤󰸳󰗇󰡭󱞻󰚐󰭘󰺾󰕉󰏍)󰇴󰑬󰓧󰒥󰝤󰬣󱉩󱝼󱁸󰸳󰏷󱃴󱈞󰭺󰕉󰨔󰇴󰒭󰖚󱜤󰥙󰥙󰇴󰛘󰻪󰔵󰻆󰭯󰧎󱏾󱡏󱁗󰾍󰞑󰬛󰿼󱆶󰯦󱖼󰕢󰽰󰇴󰛘󰓸󰔖󰳚󰓭󰏌󱋴󰛓󱡂󱊧(󰓵󱂣󱆉󱚐󰡋󰮑󰨢󰗩󰷧󰇵󰳯󰨢󰑺󰗩󰇵󰥀󰸝󰟥󰩮)󰇶

󰎐󰎜󰽮󰥀󰔃󰡋(2001.1.1~2001.12.31) 󰱜󱙍󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󰽷󱆉󰥀󱌓󰓈469,977󰎯󰏡, 󰐬󰤾󰥀󰸝󰏷󱂣󱆉󰏣󰧒󰔖󰇺

1.󰛁󰫼󱒤󰱛STCW78/95󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰳕󰛓󰞑󰡺󰻨󰮑󰽰󰫽󱌍,

2.󱃹󰑇󰭔󰲭󰦩󰮑󰽰󰫽󱌍󰏍󰐈󰺾󰕉󱍾󰒺󰜄󰺑󰕗,󰚁󰏍󰛁󱒤󰺤󰥀󰓈107,275󰎯󰏡(󰛁󰫼󰭯󱈞󱇡󱛾󱐒󱄬󱃹󰗚󰭯󰓚󰲭󰦩󰮑󰽰󰫽󱌍󱐒󱄬󰺾󰕉󰺑󱠘󰏷󱍾󰒺󰜄󰺑󰕗,󰚐󰕷󰗚󰭯󱈀󰬌IMO 󰣬󱜢󱁗󰨑25,000,000󰏡,󰛁󱒤󰫽󱌍󰺤$81,276,000󰏡,󰗚󰭯󱛾󰨜󰭯󰑦󱇡󱛾󰺤$1,000,000) 󰇶

3.󱖼󰿼STCW78/95󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰮮󰚋󰜄󰴨󰕥󰤾󰘃󱊱󰾗󰏐󰫽󱌍󰳛󰴢(󰓵󱊳󱔕󱐒󰇵 󱃴󰲞󰏀󰵑)$362,500,000󰏡󰇶

󰎐󰎜󰎋󰽮󰥀󰔃󰡋(2002.1.1~2002.12.31)󱌓󰓈35,863󰎯󰏡 󰎐󰎜󰎒󰽮󰥀󰔃󰡋(2003.1.1~2003.12.31)󱌓󰓈33,727󰎯󰏡 󰎐󰎜󰎟󰽮󰥀󰔃󰡋(2004.1.1~2004.12.31)󱌓󰓈43,652󰎯󰏡 󰎐󰎜󰑤󰽮󰥀󰔃󰡋(2005.1.1~2005.12.31)󱌓󰓈38,010󰎯󰏡

󱂣󱆉󰐍󰑀󰐬󰤾󰻨󰒞󰛁󰫼󱒤󰱛󰲭󰦩󰮑󰽰󰫽󱌍󰇵󰛞󰎢󰨕󰏲󰫽󱌍󰏷󱍾󰒺󰜄󰺑󰕗󰇶

󰳭󰙤󰳿󰢂󰣁󰲄󰓝STCW78/95󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰙠󰬛󰓝󰲭󰦩󰡹󰸼󰚀󱡏󰥀󰸝󰕢󰣁󰇴󰮵󰐰󰎢󰏖󰦁󰔃󰡋󰞑󱂣󱆉󱁗󰨑󰏩󰝋󰲭󰦩󰡹󰸼󱆶󰲭󰦩󰝯󰱛󰇴󰑑󰐰󰮳󰞕󰇺2001󰔃󰢂󱜢󱗖󰞑󰎋󰔃󰇴󰡹󰛬󰗫󰎕󰣬󰾽󰞑󱂣󱆉󱁗󰾍(󱂣󱆉󱌓󰓈4.69󱈹󰏡)󰇴󰬛󰓝STCW 78/95󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰦅󰒅󰨢󰞑󱃴󰡼󰇴󱆢󱟈󰭯󱝤󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󱛾󰨜󰞑󰭺󰽰󱛾󰾣󰨏󰎚󰇴󰓧󰱢󰇵󰛔󰇵󱏢󰇵󰣴󰓚󰣚󰇴󰗫󰎕󰞑󰎓󰎚󰇴󰲄󰓝󰡹󰸼󰚄󱊧󱆶󰒇󰽀󰚄󱊧󰎋󰤠󰇴󱁲󰚉󰏦󰓅󰡹󰸼󰹈󰓝󰏦󰓅󰝯󰱛f(x) = g(y) 󰏐󰡼󰡹󰒞󱊱󰇶

󰲃 󰎟 󰿯 󰗚󰭯󰱜󱙍󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󰩝󰜄󱆶󰭺󰽰󰩝󰜄

󰫐󱁮󰑱󰵑󰩝󰜄󰏷󰲭󰦩󱙍󰽰󰞑󰢬󰭏󰜄󱆶󰱜󱙍󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󰞑󱜢󱖄󰇴󰫐󱁮󰑱󰵑󰢂󰎋󱅿󱒟󰧔󰜄󰞑󰣬󱜢󰙮󱈡󰑱󰵑󰇴󰙠󰏌󰢂󰵂󰎋󰴨󰲖󰞑󱈡󰘃󰩃󰺤󰇴󰔶󰢂󰐰󰲭󰇵󰳤󰣁󰏍󰐈󰇴󰤼󰒓󰑀󰞑󱁮󱒡󰜺󰭍󰕉󰽰󰇴󰾽󰸅󰇴󰛞󰎢󰞑󰫐󱁮󰑱󰵑󰟯󰒗󰲭󰭍󰐶󰱛󰽰󰣁󰐬󰇴󰩇󰎢󰞑󰫐󱁮󰑱󰵑󰟯󰒗󰲭󰲬󱏹󰕢󰣁󰐬󰈰󰲭󰲬󱆶󰲭󰦩󰈱󰇴󰑬󰢂󰮒󱗺󰞑󰫐󱁮󰑱󰵑󰳱󰯗󰔋󰥟󰞑󰫐󱁮󰑱󰵑󱜢󱗖󰕢󰣁󰇴󰚁󰐬󱡏󰔖󱁩󰚀󰇵󰫐󱌕󰇵󰲭󰦩󰇶

󱁩󰚀󰢂󰥙󰤾󰞑󰗫󱁗󰥀󰸝󰇴󰙩󰲭󰲬󰝤󰏷󰲭󰲬󰸦󰫶󰝤󰏐󰳕󰛓󰙣󰻨󰇴󰲭󰲬󰢂󰏌󰭏󰱢󰇴󰿶󱔼󱆅󰱛󰑸󰻪󰲭󰲬󰳛󱝤󰇴󰔖󱜢󰲭󱝤󰺤󰒔󰇴󰙩󱏵󰲭󰲬󰝤󰇴󰭯󱍺󰑸󰻪󰯗󰚙󰏍󰹮󰒇󰭯󰫐󰡹󱐒󱜢󰏐󱔠󱡍󰇴󰒬󰳯󰳽󰙩󰝤󰛁󰫼󰏍󰭯󱡍󰲭󰚐󰽮( China Corporation Register of Shipping)󱔠󱡍󰇴󰓢󰔜󰇴󰭯󱍺󱔈󰔖󰏍󰹮󰒇󰭯󰲭󰪭(CR Class)󰇴󰕠CR󰞑󰙁󰕅󰙠󰟚󰭯󱈞󱡍󰲭󰚐󰽮(International Associations of Classification Society. IACS)󰏐󰽮󰦩󰇴󰏍󰹮󰒇󰭯󰲭󰪭󱛾󰨜󰓧󰭯󱈞󰎢󰏌󰣁󰟥󱓀󰽰󰣚󰜍󱇡󰇴󰥐󰙬󰲭󰜿󱈡󰑜󱒉󰲭󱝤󱛾󰨜󰇴󰚀󰴢󱚈󰥙󰲭󰪭(Dual Class)󰇴󰏉󰫈󰚗󰮳󰲭󰲬󰿶󱔼󰎢󰞑󰟥󱓀󱟾󰩻󰇶STCW 78/95󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰫽󱌍󰸧󱛾󰞑󰷝󰎱󰭯󱆅󰚋(PSC)󱔠󰢗󰇴󱃹󰗚󰭯󰲭󰦩󰭺󰽰󰎢󰇴󰒭󰔖󰓕󱊬󰞑󰸶󱃜󰇴󱁶󰷝󰎱󰭯󱆅󰚋󱔠󰢗󰇴󰗚󰭯󰲭󰦩󰘒󰔖󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰜍󱇡󰞑󱍾󰨱󱛾󰨜󰇴󰬨󰔌󰲭󰑦󰇴󰮒󰫐󰭘󰮒󰓈󰎕󰷝󰎱󰭯󱆅󰚋(PSC)󱔠󰢗󰞑󰻵󰓜󰵂󰇴󰙠󰤼󰒓󰫐󱁮󰽰󰞑󰓒󱐒󰇶 󰱁󰎕󰯖󰫸󰫐󱁮󰑱󰵑󰿶󱔼󰏷󰲭󰦩󱙍󰵑󰐑󰥟󰇴󱁈󰓵󰿶󱔮󰒓󰱢󰞑󰏖󰤾󰪨󰇺󰎲󰓦󰇵󱁗󰒁󰇵󰴮󰎚󰇵󰒾󰽰󰇵󰑱󰵑󰇶󰫐󱁮󰙣󰽰󰞑󰿶󱔮󰎟󰤾󰪨󰇺󰲭󰦩󰇵󰲭󰲬󰜌󰔖󱟾󰇵󰲭󰲬󱆅󰱛󰇶

󰲭󰦩󰢂󰫐󱁮󰒉󱞻󰿶󱔼󰞑󱃣󰕔󰏷󱏹󰯓󰲭󰳤󰓼󰓄󰞑󰐬󱡏󰇴󰔶󰲭󰲬󱆅󰱛󰐰󰲭󰦩󰭺󰽰󱍾󰨱󰫈󰎚󰣁󰐬󰇴󰭷󰜭󰚁󰭺󰽰󰢂󰭯󱈞󰜄󰞑󰇴󰚁󰭺󰽰󰑸󰻪󰤾󰚀󰔖󰩝󰛓󰞑󱏹󰲭󱍾󰨱󱊱󰾗󰇴󰺾󰑀󱙍󰵑󰔖󰎋󰛓󰞑󰥛󰚋󰏷󰰚󰒹󰇴󰕻󰺾󰎕󰖚󱜤󰎞󱙯󰽰󰏌󰜰󰇴󱁨󱞦󰜭󱃲󰑍󰑱󰵑󰞑󱙍󰽰󰩝󰜄󰇴󰓧󰫐󱁮󰑱󰵑󰏣󰇴󰲭󰦩󰎞󰢂󱏾󱡏󱔼󱁮󰞑󰨡󰐈󱈽󰥶󰜌󰓧󰇶

󰲭󰦩󱙍󰵑󰽷󰝩󰇴󰒞󰟻󰗚󰭯󰡭󰔖󰔖󰨏󰲭󰦩󰭺󰽰󰜈󱍾󰒺󱛾󰨜󰏐󰭯󱝤󰲭󰦩󰎓󱊧󰥀󰔖16,117󰎓󰈐2005󰔃5󰐔󰈑󰇴󰒘󰪭󰲭󰦩9,492󰇴󰎌󰪭󰲭󰦩6,625󰇴󰚁󰏍󰚙󱂿󰜭󰑦󰭯󰲭󰲬󱁮󰬌󰽰󰥀󰔖3,276󰎓󰇴󰣁󱗉󰕭󰗚󰭯󰲭󰦩󰜭󰭯󱈞󰷝󰷝󰎱󰭯󱆅󰚋(PSC)󰏐󱔠󰢗󰇴󱎁󰚉󰝆󱀜󰇴󰙩󱏵IMO󰞑󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰑸󰻪󰜭2002󰔃2󰐔1󰐒󰟻󰖹󰔋󰜌󰔖󰳕󰛓󰏐󰮮󰚋󰜄󰫽󱌍󰇴󰨡󰸧󰲄󰓝

STCW78/95󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰳕󰛓󰏐󱛾󰨜󰇴󰖁󰟾󱉹󱟜󰗚󰭯󰲭󰦩󰭺󰽰󰏷󰏀󰕢󱟾󰇶󰗚󰭯󰬛󰓝󰏦󰤊󰳕󰛓󰇴󰿶󱁠󰳽󰽮󰚐󰭘󰇴󰓄󰥟󰦅󰥁󰲭󰦩󰯲󰘻󰇵󰫽󱌍󰇵󰔵󱁂󰇵󰸧󱛾󰮑󰟐󰭺󰽰󱛾󰨜󰸧󱛾󰕢󰽰󰇴󰔾2004󰔃󰬆󰇴󰔵󱒧󰳽󱒤󰱛󰎋󰇵󰎒󰸻󰲭󰭋󰏷󱆅󱍺󰮑󰟐󰭺󰽰󰫐󰩇󰎓󰦩󰩝󱅿󰔵󱁂󰇴󰚁󰐴󰓚󰪭󰲭󰦩󱁗󰨱󰒗󰒬󰳯󰳽󰙩󱏵STCW 78/95󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󱊱󰾗󱒤󰱛󰇴󰓵󱍾󰒺󰜄󰺑󰕗﹑󰛞󰎢󰨕󰏲󰫽󱌍󰸻󰇶

󰣁󰙬󰗚󰭯󰲭󰦩󱛾󰾣󰲄󰓝󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰞑󰴨󰕥󱊱󰾗󰇴󰠹󰒢󱃹IMO󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰞑󱇡󰑑󰇴󰒗󰡹󰛬󱌓󰓈󱂣󱆉󰇴󰙩󱏵󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰞑󰤾󰘃󰇴󱑈󰽵󰓄󰥟󱒤󰱛󰲭󰦩󱍾󰨱󰫽󱌍󰇴󱁁󰲒󰏩󰏀󰓵󰎠󰇶

a. 󱒤󰱛󰛞󰎢󰨕󰏲󰫽󱌍󱐒󱄬󰇴󰿶󰒬󰳯󰳽󰔵󰺑󰚁󰧣󱁗󰇵󰳛󰴢󰇵󰯲󱏢󰩝󰜄󰇴󰔖󰇺 󰫽󱌍󱐒󱄬 󰫽󱌍󰮑󰟏󰏣󰧒

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 󰑠󱡼󰩇󰢩󰎵󱏢 󰎋󰸻󰲭󰟏󰇵󰎒󰸻󰲭󰟏󰇵󰎋󰸻󰎵󱆅󱍺󰇵󰎒󰸻󰎵󱆅󱍺 󰬯󰻢󰩇󰢩󰣽󰎵 󰎋󰸻󱍺󱐒󰟏󰇵󰎒󰸻󱍺󱐒󰟏󰇵󰎋󰸻󰎵󰭋󰇵󰎒󰸻󰎵󰭋 󰏍󰭯󰩇󰙣󰮑󰨠 󰎟󰸻󰲭󰟏󰇵󰎟󰸻󰲭󰭋 󰏍󰹮󰫐󰽰󰎓󰦩󰫽󱌍󰏍󰐈 󰎟󰸻󱍺󱐒󰟏󰇵󰎟󰸻󱆅󱍺

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- b. 󱒤󰱛󰲭󰦩󱍾󰒺󰜄󰺑󰕗󱐒󱄬󰇺

󰏍󰹮󰩇󰦩󱕴󰏀󰽮

󰒬󰳯󰳽󰫐󰡹󰑙󰐬󱆅󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󰸧󱛾󰇴󰥄󰳢󰡹󰸼󰥟󱅱󰱛󰇴󱃹󰜭󰙣󰭍󰭺󰕉󰥟󰇴󰖡󰛁󰒗󰯲󰘻󱐒󱄬󰜈󰣬󱜢󰫐󱁮󱃘󱡏󱒤󰱛󰇶(󰏍󰭯󰒬󰳯󰳽󰳛󰔖󰣽󰗞󰯲󰘻󰑙󰇵󰭯󱈞󰓝󰕢󰑙󰇵󱆕󰓝󰳕󱃄󰑙󰇵󰒬󰳯󰳽󰩇󰙣󰖽󰇵󰒬󰳯󰳽󰎵󰳱󰩇󰙣󰎵󱏢󰸻󰸻󰵂󰕏󰇴󰲭󰦩󰯲󰘻󰫽󱌍󰥀󱃄󰑑󰪯󰎕)

󰫐󰩇󱍺󱐒󰎓󰦩󰯲󰘻󰇵󰔵󱁂󰇵󰫽󱌍󰭺󰽰󱁗󰨱󱍾󰒺󰢬󰸳

1.󰩇󰙣󰬣󰨠󰯲󰘻󰇺 󰱥󰽰󱛾󰨜󰇵󰫐󰩇󰎓󰦩󰔵󱁂󰏷󰨱󱛾󰨜 2.󰒘󰪭󰫐󰩇󰎓󰦩󰫽󱌍󰇺 󰫽󱌍󰹈󰽰󱛾󰨜󰇵󰫐󰩇󰎓󰦩󰔵󱁂󰏷󰨱󱛾󰨜 3.󰫐󰩇󰎓󰦩󱙍󰭍󰛞󰎢󰨕󰏲󰫽󱌍󰏷󱍾󰒺󰜄󰺑󰕗󰷳󱡍󰇺󰫽󱌍󰹈󰽰󱛾󰨜 󰲭󰎢󰓧󱙍󰫽󱌍󰇺󰀡󰲭󰎢󰫽󱌍󰤇󱒵󱛛󰀡󱃴󰲞󰿶󱐕󱛾󰜴󰐎󰒹󰇺󰀡󰲭󰭋󱈡󰚀󰏤󰦁󰐔󰇵󱆅󱍺󱈡󰚀󰎟󰦁󰐔󰀡 󰸧󰹏󱍾󰒺󱛾󰨜󰀡

󱃙2-2󰇺 󰫐󰩇󰎓󰦩󱁗󰨱󰚗󰮳󰇵󱙍󰭍󰨕󰏲󰏐󰸧󱛾󰢬󰸳

󱁗󰨑󰙰󰾍󰇺󰏍󰹮󰒇󰭯󰲭󰟏󰏦󰽮

󱍺󱐒󰎓󰦩󰭺󰽰󰮑󰽰󰸻󰪭󰨕󰏲󰢬󰸳

󰎒󰸻󱍺󱐒󰟏󰎋󰸻󱍺󱐒󰟏󰎒󰸻󰎵󱆅󱍺󰎋󰸻󰎵󱆅󱍺󰎒󰸻󱆅󱍺󰎋󰸻󱆅󱍺󰎟󰸻󱍺󱐒󰟏 󰎟󰸻󱆅󱍺 󰩝󰎒󱅿󰔵󱁂󰫐󰸻󰩇󰎋󰎓󰦩󰔵󱁂󰸻

󰒘󰫽󰩤(󰎟󰸻)

󰶯󰳯󰲭󰦩

󰟕󰺏: 󰔵󱁂 󰲭󰎢󰫽󱌍󰇵󱍾󰒺󰜄󰺑󰕗󰇵󰨕󰏲󰫽󱌍󰏷󰷳󱡍

󱃙2-3󱍺󱐒󰎓󰦩󱙍󰭍󰨕󰏲󰒢󰽀󰢬󰸳

󱁗󰨑󰙰󰾍󰇺󰏍󰹮󰒇󰭯󰲭󰟏󰏦󰽮

󰩇󰙣󱙍󰨠󰒘󰪭󰫽󰩤󰀡󰀩󰎋󰇵󰎒󰸻󰀪󰀡󰩇󰙣󰎵󰮑󰬣󰨠

󰫐󰩇󰎓󰦩󰭺󰽰󰮑󰽰󰸻󰪭󰨕󰏲󰢬󰸳

󰎟󰸻󰲭󰟏 󰎟󰸻󰲭󰭋 󰒘󰫽󰩤󰀩󰎋󰇵󰎒󰸻󰀪󰩇󰙣󰀡󰎵󰮑󰬣󰨠󰀡󰎒󰸻󰲭󰟏󰎋󰸻󰲭󰟏 󰎒󰸻󰎵󰭋󰎋󰸻󰎵󰭋 󰎒󰸻󰲭󰭋󰎋󰸻󰲭󰭋 󰩝󰎒󱅿󰔵󱁂󰫐󰸻󰩇󰎋󰎓󰦩󰔵󱁂󰀡󰸻󰀡

󰟕󰺏: 󰔵󱁂 󰲭󰎢󰫽󱌍󰇵󱍾󰒺󰜄󰺑󰕗󰇵󰨕󰏲󰫽󱌍󰏷󰷳󱡍

󱃙2-4 󰫐󰩇󱙍󰭍󰨕󰏲󰒢󰽀󰢬󰸳

󱁗󰨑󰙰󰾍󰇺󰏍󰹮󰒇󰭯󰲭󰟏󰏦󰽮

󰒘󰫽󰩤(󰎟󰸻)󰶯󰳯󰲭󰦩 󰩇󰙣󱙍󰨠

󰲭󰦩󰞑󰨡󰐈󱈽󰥶󰵩󰢂󰤀󰰖󰜭󰩇󰢩󰇴󰮒󰴌󰓦󰳱󰹈󰇶󰓦󰱚󰎵󰳽󰏩󰢂󰩇󰢩󰇴󰝈󰼧󰏐󰻔󰳱󱛠󰇴󱁮󱒡󰐑󰔄󰢂󰐰󰩇󱁮󰣁󰐬󰇴󰸄󱍕󰢂󱕭󰸭󰎓󱈞󱜢󰟯󰜈󰑃󰥶󰓚󱜪󱁗󰾍󰏐󰿶󱔮󰨏󰒔󰇴󰵩󰢂󱙖󰲭󰦩󰞑󰲭󱛬󱏹󰯓󰲭󰲬󰇴󰖹󰔋󰳤󱄣󰚁󰢬󰞑󰿶󱔮󰒁󱍦󰙬󰚮󰇶󰣬󱃹󰞑󰇴󰩇󰎢󰞑󱏹󰲭󱆶󰩇󰺝󰞑󱡂󰐄󰸄󰷳󰇴󰥥󱓀󰸄󰥛󰇴󰩇󰙣󰨢󰒹󰞑󱆬󰓢󰇴󰐬󰤾󰢂󰎓󰣁󰱧󰛹󰇵󰑨󰮤󰞑󱏹󰕢󰓢󰪨󰇴󰚁󰏍󰎞󰐰󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󰞑󰠔󱍦󰓢󰓚󰭯󰿶󱔮󱕉󱃜󱆶󰯲󰘻󰪨󱍦󰒂󰫈󱁲󰚉󰎋󰫓󰞑󱊱󰾗󱁨󱝄󰥙󰇴󰭯󱈞󰩇󰙣󰲔󱙃󰳯󱁸󰞑STCW 78󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰔖󰟃󰘁󰞑󰫽󱌍󱆅󰱛󰢎󱄬󰇴󰕠󱃹󰜭󰩇󰙣󱅱󰱛󰐬󱆅󰏷󰯲󰘻󰫽󱌍󰐬󱆅󰏐󰫽󱌍󰸧󱛾󱛾󰠔󱍦󰙠󰒂󰏒󰐰󱇡󱛾󰇴󰓆󰑃󰎢󰲭󰲬󰔾󰭏󰏯󰇵󰎵󰠠󰏯󰇴󰣁󰟥󱈝󰫐󰕉󰓼󰓄󰇴󱃹󰜭󰲭󰦩󰞑󰭺󰽰󰭷󰒁󰫈󰎚󰇴󱔈󰮮󰚋󰤾󰘃󱊱󰾗󰏯󰇴󰜭󰢂󰮮󰏯STCW 78󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰞑󰤾󰘃󰇴󰳯󱆀STCW 78/95󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰦅󰒅󰇴󰙬󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󰸧󱛾󰾽󰥶󰏦󰤊󰗳󰖹󰤍󰇴󱁀󰏦󰤊󰈐STCW 78/95󰈑󱆶ISM Code 󱆶 SOLAS󰢂󱆢󱟈󰩇󰎢󰫐󰕉󰓼󰓄󰇵󰩇󰎢󱕉󱃜󰏷󰷝󰎱󰭯󱆅󰚋󰈐PSC󰈑󱔠󰢗󰎟󰻨󰴨󰥙󰤾󰞑󰭯󱈞󰩇󰙣󰓼󰓄󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰳕󰛓󰇶

󰲃 󰑤 󰿯 󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󰸧󱛾󰡹󰸼󱆶󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰞑󰎋󰤠

󰡹󰸼󰢂󰡹󰛬󰡼󰡹󰞑󰐑󰓛󰇴󱙁󰱣󰏩󰣁󰭷󰒁󰡹󰸼󱆶󰩝󰕱󰈐󰮑󰨢󰈑󰡹󰸼󰇴󰭷󰒁󰡹󰸼󰢂󰭯󰧎󰒓󰓸󰸧󰧖󰞑󰙩󱏵󰇴󰓵󰭯󰙛󰡹󰸼󰇵󰑦󰒬󰡹󰸼󰇴󰩝󰕱󰈐󰮑󰨢󰈑󰡹󰸼󰢂󰬞󱃹󰩝󰨸󰕳󰩻󰔶󰗎󰔋󰞑󰡼󰡹󰇴󰔖󰚁󰥛󰚋󰓢󰪨󰇶󰒬󰳯󰡹󰸼󰢂󰭷󰒁󰡹󰸼󰇴󰚁󰡼󰡹󰒞󱊱󰢂󰓼󰓄󰇵󰟡󰕳󰇵󰜺󰭍󰇵󰸧󰧖󰇴󰫐󰡹󰡹󰸼󰢂󰩝󰕱󰈐󰮑󰨢󰈑󰡹󰸼󰇴󰡹󰸼󱊱󰞑󰓧󰷝󰭍󰇵󰲭󰲬󰇵󰫐󰭍󰇵󰨻󰺝󰇵󰞜󱁮󰇵󰲭󰦩󰇵󰩇󰙣󰸻󱌄󰵎󰇴󰚁󰏍󰇴󰲭󰦩󰞑󱅱󰱛󰏷󰚁󰣬󱜢󰞑󰭯󱈞󰙣󰭍󰟡󰗎󰔋󰲭󰦩󰡹󰸼󰇴󰑬󱞦󰜭󰩝󰕱󰈐󰮑󰨢󰈑󰡹󰸼󰇴󰲭󰦩󰢂󰭯󱈞󰜄󰞑󱙍󰽰󰇴󰚁󰮑󰽰󰪨󱍦󰘼󲫠󰇴󰙣󱜢󰲭󰳤󰞑󰫐󰕉󰓼󰓄󰇴󰏷󰩇󰢩󱕉󱃜󰞑󱆢󱟈󰇴󰗳󰩋󰭯󰧎󰞑󰐬󱟾󰈐󰒁󰭯󰲭󰦩󰒺󰒔󰏷󰑦󰭯󰲭󰦩󰞑󰻤󰒔󰈑󰇴󰳭󰙤󰓢󰪨󰎞󰑸󰻪󰲄󰓝󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰞑󰳕󰛓󰇴󰜌󰐰󱃹󰜭󰱜󱙍󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󰇵󱛾󰾣󰞑󰡼󰡹-󰲭󰦩󰡹󰸼󰒗󰒬󰳯󰳽󰫐󰡹󰑙󰐬󱏤󰇴󰳴󰔃󱌓󰓈󱂣󱆉󰇴󱀕󱃴󰲭󰦩󰡹󰸼󰇶󰣁󰲄󰓝STCW78/95󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰳕󰛓󰇴󰏷󱁲󰚉󱁀󰏦󰤊󰮮󰚋󰜄󰤾󰘃󱊱󰾗󰇴󰦈󰙬󰗚󰭯󰲭󰦩󱛾󰨜󰫈󰳯󱁸PSC󱔠󰢗󰇴󰓢󰗚󰭯󰟚󱖄󰓝󰭯IMO 󰞑󰽮󰦩󰇴󰓵󰕖󰙬󰲭󰦩󱛾󰾣󰞑󱛝󰸧󰏐󰲭󰦩󰡹󰸼󱆶󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰞑󰯗󰥉󰇴󰢂󰎋󰻨󰭯󱈞󰙣󰭍󰤼󰒓󰞑󰏣󰡹󰡹󰸼󰭢󱚒󰇴󰒬󰳯󰳽󰫐󰡹󰑙󰞑󰲭󰦩󰡹󰸼󰵩󰢂󰤾󱁲󰚉󰲭󰦩󱛾󰾣󰓧󰭯󱈞󰎢󰞑󰔖󰨏󰇴󰣁󰖹󰔋󰔜󰎋󰡹󰸼󰇴󰫐󰡹󰑙󰜭2000󰔃󰛁󰒗󰏍󰑧󰟞󰫼󰖽󱒤󰱛󰑔󰻒󰭯󱈞󱊱󱟝󰭢󰜺󰭍󰯦󱖼󱊱󰇴󰐰1,000󰿤󰏡󱂣󱆉󰛁󰫼󰭯󱈞󰞕󰓜IMO󰏦󰤊󱡍󱛾󱐒󱄬󰇴󰙩󱏵STCW78/95󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰳕󰛓󰇴󰡌󰒥󰎋󰦺󰔖󱜢󰲭󰦩󰈨󱍾󰒺󱛾󰨜󰈩󰭺󰕉󰏐󰝤󰳕󰇵󱍐󰸳󰇵󰧣󱁗󰇵󰯲󰗷󰏷󰣬󱜢󱊳󱔕󰫽󱌍󰳬󱡏󰳛󰴢󱖼󰡌󱊱󰾗󰇴󰙠󱃹󰱜󰕉󰫽󱌍󰚋󰡋󱆶󰘳󰲍󰶜󰑀󰡌󱝼󰏷󰖹󰔋STCW78/95󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰠔󱍦󱇡󱛾󱊱󰾗󰚋󰡋󰏐󰯛󰡼󰇴󰙬󰭯󰏣󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󰸧󱛾󰡹󰸼󱆶STCW 78/95󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰞑󰎋󰤠󰇴󰳭󰢂󰻒󰯴󰏍󰹮󰒇󰭯󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󰸧󱛾󰙠󰲄󰓝󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰞑󰲃󰎟󰥉󱁰󰞑󰎋󰻨󰥙󰤾󰞑󱜢󱗖󰯛󰡼󰇶

󰏍󰑧󰟞󰫼󰖽󰜭2000󰔃11󰐔18󰐒󰏦󰻒󰜕󱊱󰇴󰗫󱊱󱉷󰭘󱁗󰨱󰇺󰚀󰔖󰭯󱈞󱇡󱛾󰫈󰎚󰇴󰙠󰔖󰭺󰕉󰏷󰨡󰸧IMO󰣬󱜢󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󱛾󰨜󱁗󰨱󰞣󰇴󰐪󰔖󰯗󰚙󰓈󰎕󰒛󰓜󰵂(white list)󰭯󰧎󰏐󰯤󱟾󰇴󰑑󰐶󰣁󱇡󱛾STCW78/95󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰳕󰛓󰏐󰯲󰘻󱆶󰫽󱌍󱍐󰸳󰇶󰑸󰻪󰓧󰶺󰥛󰏣󰈐󱛝󰤊󰡕󰑊󰔃󰈑󰖹󰔋󰑤󰎵󱇶󱏤󰏀󰕢󰇺

1.󱍐󰸳󱊱󰾗 2.󰝤󰳕󰚋󰡋 3.󰧣󱁗󰭻󰫽

4.󰠔󱍦󱇡󱛾󰈐QSS󰈑

󰗫󱊱󱉷󰭘󰥀󰔖

1.󰤍󰭘ABS GROUP INC.

2.󰤮󰭘󰴮󰐜(Lloyd of Register)󱔠󱡍󰞨󰒽󰔖󰥛󰏦󰑙󰑠󱡼󰏩󰏦󰑙 3.󰨊󰠶󰭘󰒥󰧱󰠶󱡍󱛾󰞨󰒽󰔖󰥛󰏦󰑙󰑠󱡼󰏩󰏦󰑙(DNV)

󰿶󰮑󰨢󰺑󱒧󰛁󰦩󰙩󱏵󰺑󰐚󰻨󰒞󰺑󱉩󰇴󰒗󰨊󰠶󰭘󰒥󰧱󰠶󱡍󱛾󰞨󰒽󰔖󰥛󰏦󰑙󰑠󱡼󰏩󰏦󰑙󱕇󰮳󱒤󰱛󱁗󰨱󰇶

󰨊󰠶󰭘󰒥󰧱󰠶󱡍󱛾󰞨󰒽󰔖󰥛󰏦󰑙(DET NORSKE VERITAS) 󰜭18󰔃󰓧󰨊󰠶󰔋󰒥󰇴󰢂󰎋󱐱󰒥󰔾󰐬󰞑󱐒󱄬󰇴󰛒󰔑󰢂󰟥󱟈󰒓󰚮󰬄󰱢󱆶󰏷󰔾󰸅󱕉󱃜󰇴DNV󰜭󰓄󰱚100󰦁󰭯󰧎󰏍󰳛󰒥󰎑󰺬󱁸300󰦁󱒤󰙣󰳀󰇴󰔶󰦩󰏀󱊧󰒞󰏂󰺬󱁸5,800󰎓󰇴DNV󰢂󰐰󰣽󰗞󰞕󱛽󰏷󰿶󱡍󰣁󰜺󰭍󰭷󱘵󰇴󰐬󰔑󰣁󰟥󱟈󰒓󰚮󰚩󰬄󰱢󰇴󰎨󰣁󰟥󱟈󰎵󰔾󰸅󱕉󱃜󰔶󰨏󰎚󰇴󱆃󱅰󰜌󰫈󰣁󰠼󰐊󱆅󰱛󰥥󱓀󰇴󰔶󰐨󰣚󰓚󰓦󰞑󱒤󰙣󰳀󰣁󱐒󱄬󰳷󰵩󰎋󰦁󱡫󰢲󰬯󰨏󰱗󰞑󰜺󰭍󱆛󱁡󰇶󰓧󱆵󰑇󰚩󰬯󰻢󰙿󰓦DNV󰳿󰳛󰎑󱒤󰙣󰳀󰇴󰓧󰎵󰏍󰹮󰓦󰭔󰑅󰡴󰎵󰴌󰇵󰥩󰷝󰇵󰑠󱡼󰏂󰔖󰦩󰏀285󰎓󰇴󰚁󰏍󰏌󰐮󰮑󰽰󱡍󰲭󰧣󰇵󰏀󰸳󰧣󰚩󱋽󰨡󰦩󰇴󰣁󰏌󰓕󰕉󰽰󰶜󰙮󰓚󱅿󰜺󰭍󰇴󰑅󰡴󰇺󰲭󰲬󰎕󰪭󰚩󱇡󱛾󰇵󰱢󰠔󰏷󱆅󰱛󰘳󰲍󱡍󱛾󰇵󰐰󰏷󰣽󰗞󰜺󰭍󰸻󰇶DNV 󰜭2003󰔃󰇴󰏂󰳏󰯤󱟾󰔋󰣁󰎋󱐱󰒥󰔾󰐬󰞑󱇡󱛾󱐒󱄬󰇴󰑑󰐶󰟄󰤍󰭯󰩇󰛞󰙛󱍁󰻗󰭺󰕉󰙣󰭍󰇴󰎨󰢂󰲃󰎋󰻔󰟚󰤍󰭯󰲭󰪭󰞗󱆶󰤍󰭯󰩇󰛞󰙛󱍁󰻗󱛝󰥁󰞑󰈤󰒬󰢬󰙩󰮵󰥀󱃄(Alternate Compliance Program󰇹ACP)󰈥󰇴󱃹󰜭󱕇󰮳󰤍󰭯󰩇󰛞󰙛󱍁󰻗󰞑󰛁󰒺󰇴ACP󰢂󰎜󰏩󰔖󰽀󱀀󰞑󰛁󰫼󰓼󰯨󰇴󱃹DNV󰙰󱇥󰇴󰵩󰢂󰳏󰯤󱟾󱛝󰸧󰎋󱉶󰝱󰘳󰓈󰞑󰭯󱈞󰚐󰛓󱛾󰨜󰇴󰎨󰏸󰢀󰎑DNV󰓧󰥀󱃄󱍄󰨡󰚩󱔠󱡍󰫈󰎚󰎢󱁲󰚉󰞭󰛓󰞑󰮑󰽰󰐝󰑳󰇶󰔶󰙣󱃴󰎢󰇴󰔾2000󰔃󰦹󰛑󰇴󰤍󰭯󰩇󰛞󰙛󱍁󰻗(USCG)󰏂󰏢󰳚DNV󰐶󰟄󰐴󰥺󱛝󰸧󰎵󰳽󰒽󰞑󰝤󰛓󱛾󰨜; 󰮵󰔜󰇴DNV󰎋󰞔󱗘󰔶󰏌󰯭󰓦󰮮󰏯󱔠󱡍󰚩󱇡󱛾󰞑󰮑󰽰󰏀󰕢󰇴󰔋󰣁󰔾󰐬󰞑󱇡󱛾󱐒󱄬(autonomous certification body)󰇶DNV󰨊󰠶󱕴󰳽󰞑󰩇󰙣󰽰󰭍󱕴󰺊Mr Tor Svensen󰬞󱃹ACP󰸧󰟄󰽂󰙂󱆀󰇽

󰈨󰎵󰧎󰳿󰞕󱁰󰤍󰭯󰩇󰛞󰙛󱍁󰻗󱃹󰩇󰎢󰓼󰓄󰏷󰲭󰪭󰞗󰞑󰤾󰘃󰡐󰬯󰇶 󰓢󰔜󰇴󰫈󰔋󰣁󰲃󰎋󰻔󰟚󰤍󰭯󰲭󰪭󰞗󱕇󰔜󰯤󱟾󰇴DNV󰽂󰚉󱠠󰻹󰇶󰈩

DNV󰓧󰤍󰭯󰪫󰤊󰳛󰒥󰥨󰻔󱒤󰙣󰳀, 󰚉󰱜󰓧󰏂󱘉󰧖󰚉30󰦁󰏩󰳀󰇴󱁹󰕩󰜭󰠄󰑇󰤍󰢪󰇶󱃹󰜭󱝌󰯠󰤍󰭯󱄡󱉰󰏐󰲭󱝮󰇴DNV󰫈󱛝󰸧󰜌󰔖󰨥󱏵ACP󰚐󰤊󰏐󱛾󰨜󰇺󰓵SOLAS 󰓼󰓄󱈺󱏔󰏷SOLAS 󰓼󰓄󰡌󱑐󰇴MARPOL󰇴󰭯󱈞󰥄󱁩󱌕International Load Line󰇴󰲭󰲬󰭯󱈞󱏒󰕏International Tonnage󰏷󰭯󱈞󰓼󰓄󱆅󰱛ISM󰸻󱛾󰨜󰇶󰾽󱕇󰛁󰒺ACP󰏐󰡕󰇴DNV󰽮󰥄󰳢󱝌󰯠󰤍󰭯󱄡󱉰󰏐󰲭󱝮󱏾󱡏󰞑󱍄󰨡󰏷󱔠󱡍󰇴󰸄󱍕󰲭󰬫󰓧󰤍󰭯󰜈󰚁󰐴󰭯󰧎󰇶󰚐󰤊󰏍󰑅󰖖󰎑󰳤󱍺󰇴󰝨󱍺󰏷󰠼󱍺󰇶󰳭󰻨󰽥󰚐󱝼󰮒󰽮󰣁DNV󰑺󰻒󰓧󰤍󰭯󰑱󰵑󰡐󰓭󰽥󰭘󱐒󰇴󰓵󰔖󱜢󰽥󰡌󰲭󰲬󰏷󱙯󰶤󰲭󰪭󰸻󰸻󰇶DNV󰢂󰥙󰺎󱍦󱆶󰻆󰞑󰲭󰪭󰞗󰇴󰞭󰛓󰫈󰣁󰤍󰭯󰲭󰜿󰏷󰲭󱉷󰨏󰴮󰇴󰩝󰕱󰢂󰓧󰩇󰎢󰓼󰓄󰙣󰛕󰐑󰥟󰇴󰑸󰫈󰣁󰐴󰥺󰮥󰙰󰺬󰥶󰞑󰜺󰭍󰇶󰒗󰜭DNV󰩝󰨸󰙁󰕅󰞑 󰏟󰎕󰇴󰙬󰗚󰭯STCW78/95󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰸧󱛾󰡹󰸼󰧖󰱜󱄪󰶳󰇴󰓕󱊬󰞑󰇴DNV󱕇󰮳󱒤󰱛󰗚󰭯󰣬󱜢󰲭󰦩󱇡󱛾󰽰󰭍󰇴󰭘󱐒󰸄󰥛󰇴󰓵2002󰔃5󰐔1 󰐒󰔿2002󰔃12󰐔15 󰐒󱆶󰏍󰹮󰒇󰭯󰒬󰳯󰳽󱛝󰥁󰇺󰏍󰹮󰒇󰭯󰡭󱞻󰲄󰓝STCW󰏦󰤊󰨢󰇴󰬞󱃹󰭯󰏣󰩇󰙣󱐒󱄬󰠔󱍦󱊱󰾗󰘳󰲍󰏐󱉩󰨡󰇵󰩇󰙣󱊳󱔕󱐒󰘳󰲍󰏐󱇡󱛾󰏷󰡭󱞻󰶜󰙮STCW󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰮑󰨢󱒌󱁌󰭍󰇴󱁀󰨢󰓝󰤊󰟎󱚐 12,000,000󰏡󰇴󰴌󱞻󰞑󰣬󱜢STCW78/95󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰸧󱛾󱟝󰭢󰨢󰇴󰖡󰒗󱁀󰏦󰑙󱒤󰱛󰇴󰳭󰢂󰗚󰭯󰲭󰦩󱛾󰾣󰲃󰎟󰥉󱁰󰏐󰡹󰸼󰝯󰱛󰞑󰥙󰤾󰠨󱐒󰇶

󰲃 󰏖 󰿯 󰭯󱝤󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󱛾󰨜󱆶󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊STCW 78/95󰞑󰯗󰥉

󰲭󰲬󰎵󰠠󰏯󰇵󰔾󰭏󰏯󰇵󰳤󱘕󰏯󰇵󰓄󰱚󰏯󰇴󱃹󰜭󱏹󰲭󰗞󰫈󰑸󰻪󰟥󰡭󰣬󰾽󰐝󰾗󰇴󰓢󰔜󰇴󰓧󰡹󰸼󰎢󰏩󰣁󰎟󰻨󰇴󰒗󰎟󰦁󰳽󰟐󰭺󰕉󰇴󰕻󰯲󰘻󰳽󰇵󰒬󰳯󰳽󰇵󰔵󱒧󰳽󰇶󰔶󰯲󰘻󰇵󰫽󱌍󱆶󱛾󰾣󰔵󱁂󰢂󰎟󰦁󰘳󰲍󰇴󰯲󰘻󰢂󰭷󱘵󰇴󱌄󰵎󰤾󱉨󰤾󱉶󰇴󰫽󱌍󰢂󱃴󰒔󰇴󱌄󰵎󰤾󰮑󰤾󱆒󰇴󰯲󰘻󱀕󱃴󰇴󰫽󱌍󰏉󰫈󱍯󱃴󰇴󰙿󰞣󰑸󰻪󰯗󰥉󰇴󰣁󰒔󰔶󰯲󰇴󰔖󰒔󰏉󰫽󰇴󰯲󰫽󰓝󰎋󰇴󰐬󰤾󰒞󰞑󰢂󰶜󰏲󰲭󰦩󰎓󰎚󱁗󰾍󱍦󰻆󰇴󰐰󰎢󰢂󱞦󰕉󰡹󰘳󰲍󰇴󰑜󰑦󰇴󰭺󰽰󱛾󰾣󰢂󰔵󱁂󰘳󰲍󰇴󰓈󰣁󰏖󱟾󱏦󰝤󰞑󰔵󱁂󱟾󰇴󱏹󰲭󰣚󰛓󰣁󰮑󰟐󰗞󰳌󱙍󰽰󰇴󰻪󰤾󰿶󰭯󰧎󱇡󱛾󰇴󰤾󰒗󰔵󱁂󰬣󰔵󱁂󰸧󱛾󰇴󰨡󰸧󰭺󰾣󰇶 󰭯󱈞󰩇󰙣󰲔󱙃(IMO)󰣁󱆢󱟈󰲭󰲬󰫐󰕉󰓼󰓄󰇴󰮮󰏯STCW78/95󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰞑󱃴󱍦󰭺󰽰󰏣󰧒󰇴󰙠󰲍󰎋󰫽󱌍󰠔󱍦󰇴󱃹󰜭󰲄󰓝󰴨󰕥󱍾󰒺󱊱󰾗󰏐󰫽󱌍󰇴󱂧󰸧󱛾󰨜󰇴󰙠󰯗󰚙󰷝󰎱󰭯󱆅󰚋󰛔󰦩(PSCO)󰞑󱔠󰢗󰇶󰎵󰧎󰳿󰞕󱁰󰏍󰹮󰒇󰭯󰓧󰭯󱈞󰞗󰽮󰒅󰔄󰢲󰭏󰞑󰞜󰻔󰔖󰥛󰇴󰕠󰓧󱃴󱍦󰎢󰇴󰭯󰏣󰸄󱍕󰯲󰘻󰚋󰡋󰇵󰧣󱁗󰪨󱍦󰇵󰯲󰗷󱌓󱒠󰇵󱙍󰽰󰫽󱌍󰇵󰔵󱁂󱛾󰾣󰸻󰖡󰓧󱁀STCW78/95󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰐝󰾗󰐰󰎢󰇴󰡹󰛬󱃹󰗞󱙍󰯲󰘻󱡏󰘳󰞑󰗫󱁗󰒞󰞑󰵩󰢂󰐺󱃴󰵩󰽰󰑱󰵑󰞑󰎓󰎚󰇴󰙠󰕻󰯲󰕻󰒔󰇴󰔶󰒬󰳯󰳽󰲭󰦩󰡹󰸼󰞑󰐬󱆅󰳽󰟐󱃹󰱜󱙍󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󰞑󰗫󱁗󰒞󰞑󰒭󰢂󰐺󱃴󰵩󰽰󰑱󰵑󰞑󰎓󰎚󰇴󰙠󰕻󰫽󰕻󰒔󰇹󰙿󰞣󰓧󰵩󰽰󰑱󰵑󰎢󰖡󰔖󰣬󰓕󰞑󰙬󰚮󰽂󰇼󰓢󰔜󰸧󰒓󱝡󰓝󰱜󰺝󰇴󰕠󱃹󰜭󰲭󰦩󰸧󱛾󰨏󰎚󰇴󰚙󰡹󰝯󰥟󰞑󰓢󰪨󱉹󱟜󰇴󰒭󰔖󰱟󱓍󰞑󰸧󰒓󰇴󰐀󰚁󱃹STCW78/95󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰞑󱇡󰞕󰇴󰯲󰘻󰇵󰫽󱌍󱆶󰱢󰽰󰣚󰓚󰔖󰓚󰞑󰽀󰙀󰇴󰑑󰢂󰲭󰦩󰫽󱌍󱛾󰾣󰟯󰒗󰒬󰳯󰳽󰫐󰡹󰑙󰐬󱆅󰇴󰯲󰘻󱍐󰸳󰒗󰯲󰘻󰳽󰐬󱆅󰇴󰮑󰽰󰔵󱁂󰒗󰔵󱁂󰬣󰥄󰳢(󰓵󰟕󱒵󰎒)󰇴󰎟󱓐󰬭󰙋󰞑󱏹󰯓(󰯲󰘻󰇵󰔵󱁂󰇵󱅱󰱛)󰇴󰙬󰲭󰦩󱛾󰾣󰗳󱍄󱚇󰇶

󰿶󰢗STCW78/95󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰞑󰳕󰟾I/10 󰈨󱛾󰨜󱇡󰑑󰈩󰎌󰿯󰜴󱋴󰳕󰛓󰇽certificates issued by or under the authority of a non-party shall not be recognized󰇶󰗚󰭯󰏌󰢂󰭯󱈞󰩇󰙣󰲔󱙃(IMO) 󰏐󰽮󰦩󰭯󰇴󰓕󰨔󰒭󰏌󰢂STCW78/95󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰏐󱌌󰤊󰭯󰇴󰓧󱉬󰕉󰏦󰤊󰨔󰇴󰸄󰝤󰓈󰎕󰒛󰓜󰵂(White List)󰏐󰓈󰇶󰒛󰓜󰵂󰞑󰳛󰥀󰽀󱀀󰵩󰓵ISO 9000 󰏷ISM Code󰇴󰚁󰱢󰒓󱁸󰸳󰟯󰒗󰭯󱈞󰩇󰙣󰲔󱙃󰮵󰎋󰦁󰭯󰧎󱈀󰬌󰏐󰲄󰓝󱇡󰑑󰐎󰒹󰇴󱛾󰜴󱁀󰭯󰖹󰓄󰯦󰚗󰏦󰤊󰞑󰏣󰧒󰡼󰫽󰏷󰸧󱛾󰇴󰙠󰿶IMO󰮑󰧎󱃘󰺑󱉩󰓝󰨱󰡕󰇴󰏉󰫈󰓈󰎕󰒛󰓜󰵂󰇴1998󰔃8󰐔󰻻󰔖82󰦁󰭯󰧎󰬌󰒹󰇴󰓢󰔜󰇴󰗚󰭯󰒛󰓜󰵂󰮒󰸄󰒗󰗥󰦑󰇶󰙩STCW78/95󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰞑󰳕󰛓2001/2/1󰒓󰨏󰐰󰡕󰇴󰗚󰭯󰜌󱛝󰸧󰞑󰲭󰦩󱛾󰾣󰮒󰥟󱖏󰸄󰨏󰞑󰓒󱐒󰇴󰏍󰹮󰒇󰭯󰲭󰦩󰮒󰸄󰾣󰭺󰽰󰇴󰮒󱎁󰷝󰎱󰭯󱆅󰚋󰛔󰦩(PSCO)󰔌󰲭󰞑󰥥󱓀󰇴󰲭󰦩󰎨󰏌󰫈󰓧󰭯󱝤󰲭󰎢󰏀󰕢󰇴󰳭󰢂󰎋󰦁󱝄󰥙󰞑󰡷󱏯󰭢󱚒󰇴󰕠󰲭󰲬󰫐󰕉󰇵󰎓󰚮󰬄󰱢󰓼󰓄󰇵󰏷󰩇󰢩󱕉󰟥󰢂󰓄󰐨󰣚󰞑󰳢󰒺󰇴󰜭󰢂STCW78/95󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰟕󱒵󰇴󱃹󰮮󰚋󰜄󰤾󰘃󱊱󰾗󰫽󱌍󱛾󰨜󱇡󰑑󰇴󰯦󰚗󰻒󰜫󰜄󰞑󰳚󰑑󰚋󰡋󰇴󰕻󱃹󰜭󰟚󱌌󰤊󰭯󰜌󱛝󰸧󰏐󱛾󰨜󱗨󰏌󰏒󰜍󱇡󰇴󰕠󰏌󱔈󱄬󰔋󰖫󱛖󱌌󰤊󰭯󰓧󰟚󱌌󰤊󰭯󰯤󱟾󰎠󱛝󰸧󰒁󰭯󰏐󱛾󰾣󰇴󰏌󱁸󰻪󰲄󰓝STCW78/95󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰮮󰚋󰜄󰩇󰼇󰇵󰯲󰘻󰇵󰫽󱌍󰇵󱍾󰒺󰜄󰏐󰴨󰕥󱊱󰾗󰤾󰘃󰣁󰥛󰈐section A-I/10-1󰈑󰇴󰈨󰶤󰸧󱛾󰾣󰈩󰏷󰟕󱛝󰇴󰵩󰢂󰗚󰭯󰲃󰎟󰥉󱁰󰱛󱍕󰜈󰲃󰎟󰙈󰵴󰱛󱍕󰞑󰸼󰱣󰇶

󰣁󰙬󰗚󰭯󰲭󰦩󰫈󰓧󰭯󱈞󰷝󰎱󰳯󱁸󰷝󰎱󰭯󱆅󰚋(PSC)󰞑󰢗󰨡󰇴󰟥󱈝󰲭󰦩󰭺󰽰󱛾󰨜󰞑󰨏󰎚󰇴󰚀󱡏󱃹󰸼󰇴󰮵󰙿󰛞󰡹󰝯󰒓󱄊󱆶󰿶󱔮󰱜󱃴󰥟󰙿󱄬󰥟󰏪󰎕󰇴󰓢󰣁󰙿󰛞󰡹󰝯󰽀󱛽󰗎󱄊󰸄󰒬󰻣󰇴󰒺󰕖󰵂󰐑󰥟󱁮󰕢󰖡󰸄󰨏󰇴󰓧󱃴󰭍󰥟󰸧󰧖󰲄󰓝󰡹󰝯󰞑󰬶󰨱󱆶󰱜󱃴󱕉󱃜󰔖󰒬󰻣󰞑󰐑 󰨢󰇴󰐰󰓀󱛼󰏩󱜪󰈐Spectrum Classification󰈑󰞑󰦚󰱛󰇴󰡹󰝯󰥟󰞑󰮵󰑓󱆶󰮵󰑰󰖡󱔈󰭍󱃴󰼊󰢬

󰓛󰏍-󰲃󰎟󰥉󱁰󰇴󰓵󰎠󱃙󰇺

󱁮󰕢󰐑󰓛 󱁮󰕢󰐑󰓛

󰋧 󰋩 󰋨 󰔾󰕉󰬌󰒹󰇺󰠹󰒢󰏦󰤊󰨏󰎚 󰬛󰓝󰏦󰤊󰰚󰷓󰇺󱛝󰸧 IMO󰜍󱇡󰇺󰏍󰭯󱛾󰾣 󰈐 󰲃󰎋󰥉󱁰󰈑 󰈐 󰲃󰎟󰥉󱁰󰈑 󰈐 󰲃󰎒󰥉󱁰󰈑

󰜍󱇡󰏍󰹮󰒇󰭯󰐬󱟾 󰎋󰭯󰙿󰚋 󰬛󰓝󰏦󰤊󰚗󰮳󰭯󱈞󱇡󰓕 󱐱󰒥

󰲃󰎋󰥉󱁰󰸼󰱣 󰲃󰎟󰥉󱁰󰸼󰱣 󰲃󰎒󰥉󱁰󰸼󰱣

󱃙2-5󰗚󰭯󰲭󰦩󱛾󰾣󱛝󰸧󱆶STCW 78/95󰭯󱈞󰏦󰤊󰞑󰲃󰎟󰥉󱁰󰸼󰱣

󱁗󰨑󰙰󰾍󰇺󰒁󰣴󰘲󱏾󰱛

󰒁󰣴󰘲󰜌󰯶󰙈󰵴󰢂󰐇󰒔󱁮󱒡󱏢󰦚󰱛󰇴󰔖󱜢󱙖󱁗󰫻󰻺󱁲󰏷󰳯󱁡󱕇󰚗󰨔󰻔󱆶󰞜󰻔󰨏󰩻󰞑󰐋󰢤󰇶󰥉󱁰󰑦󰒬󰢂󰐇󰒔󰭯󱈞󰑦󰒬󰏕󰭏󰞑󰐑󰔄󰇴󰲃󰎋󰥉󱁰󰑦󰒬󰟯󱞦󰒅󰔄󰑦󰒬󰇴󰲃󰎒󰥉󱁰󰑦󰒬󰈐second-track diplomacy󰈑󰟯󱞦󰟚󰒅󰔄󰑦󰒬󰏕󰭏󰞑󰐑󰔄󰇴󰗚󰭯󰓢󰭯󱈞󰑦󰒬󱕉󱃜󰩝󰨸󰇴󰙿󰛞󰙣󰭍󱜢󰟯󱍄󱚇󰇴󰒁󱍕󰐎󰣴󰘲󰑀󰲃󰎟󰥉󱁰󰞑󰝯󰱛󱐒󰚋󰇶