英语简易原著阅读Jane 1

教研室：二年级教研室 教师姓名： 徐兴岭 授课时间：第8 周

课程名称 授课内容 教学目的 教学重点 教学难点 教具和媒体使用 教学方法 教 学 过 程 英语简易原著阅读 Jane Eyre （1） 授课专业和班级 授 课 学 时 2 class periods Aim for knowledge: learn about the authors and literary knowledge Aim for ability: ability to know how read a literary work Aim of quality: ability to express their opines after reading Tips to read, background of the authors How to read simplified literary works efficiently Blackboard; self-designed ppt Lecture, discussing, questioning 包括复习旧课、引入新课、重点难点讲授、作业和习题布置、问题讨论、归纳总结及课后辅导等内容 I. About Charlotte Bronte II. Background and themes III. Glossary IV. Activities while reading the book Jane Eyre 时 间 分 配 (90分) 板书设计 I. About Charlotte Bronte II. Background and themes III. Glossary IV. Activities while reading the book 讲授新拓展内容 课后总结 教研室主任签字: 年 月 日

讲 稿 讲 授 内 容 Jane Eyre I. About the author Charlotte Bronte’s life was marked by personal tragedy, but she responded with very great courage. She was born in Yorkshire in the north of England in 1816, the third of the six children of a poor clergyman. Soon after her birth, her father was appointed to the church in Haworth, a remote village. Her mother died, and in 1824 she was sent away to school. Her two elder sisters were taken ill there and died and the remaining children were mainly educated at home, where they read widely and invented fantasy worlds of their own. Charlotte worked as a teacher and governess, and in 1842 went to Belgium with her sister Emily to improve their French because they hoped to open their own school. The plan came to nothing so, as an alternative way of making a living, she persuaded her sisters that they should each write a novel. Her first, The Professor, was rejected, but she immediately wrote Jane Eyre, which was an instant success. Yet within two years her brother and sisters had all died. She wrote two more novels but enjoyed only a few years of fame. She married her father’s curate, the Reverend Arthur Nicholls, in 1854, and died in childbirth the following year. 备 注 II. Background and Plot Summary 1.Background Jane Eyre is an extraordinary mixture, blending an imaginative vision influenced by the stories Charlotte Bronte had read when she was young with her own deeply felt personal experience. She had grown up in a remote village reading the magazine stories of the Romantic period, full of haunted castles, ghosts and monsters like Frankenstein (published in 1818). From these she got the hero with a mysterious past, the mad woman in the attic and the wedding suddenly broken off, and like her contemporary, Dickens, she relied on coincidence to resolve the plot. But her own life was a determined struggle to retain self-respect as a teacher and governess, and she was effectively the head of her family. The impression Jane Eyre makes on us owes much more to the way Charlotte Bronte infused the heroine, Jane, with her own personality than to the dramatic features described above. 2. Plot Summary (1)Plot in simple words Jane Eyre, an orphan, was left in the care of her uncle and aunt, but after her uncle’s death she is ill-treated and bullied. At the age of ten, she is sent to a school for orphans, which is at first badly run, but she makes friends with a saintly girl, Helen Burns. Helen dies, and Jane is looked after by the kind headmistress, Miss Temple. When Jane is 18, she applies for a job as a governess to a little French girl in a large country house owned by Mr. Rochester, a landowner of about 40 years. She falls in love with him but does not expect him to love her, as she is plain and poor. Nevertheless, when someone sets fire to his bed and Jane rescues him, he relies on her to keep it secret. When he disguises himself as a gipsy to discover her feelings, it is clear he does not care for Blanche Ingram, her beautiful rival. But who is the mysterious stranger, Mr. Mason, who arrives unexpectedly, is attacked during the night and is hurried away? And who makes the strange cries Jane hears in the night? What effect can they have on the growing love between her and Rochester? (2)Plot in more detailed Jane Eyre is a young orphan being raised by Mrs. Reed, her cruel, wealthy aunt. A servant named Bessie provides Jane with some of the few kindnesses she receives ,telling her stories and singing songs to her. One day, as punishment for fighting with her bullying cousin John Reed, Jane’s aunt imprisons Jane in the red-room, the room in which Jane’s Uncle Reed died. While locked in, Jane, believing that she sees her uncle’s ghost, screams and faints. She wakes to find herself in the care of Bessie and the kindly apothecary Mr. Lloyd, who suggests to Mrs. Reed that Jane be sent away to school. To Jane’s delight, Mrs. Reed concurs. Once at the Lowood School, Jane finds that her life is far from idyllic. The school’s headmaster is Mr. Brocklehurst, a cruel, hypocritical, and abusive man. Brocklehurst preaches a doctrine of poverty and privation to his students while using the school’s funds to provide a wealthy and opulent lifestyle for his own family. At Lowood, Jane befriends a young girl named Helen Burns, whose strong ,martyrlike attitude toward the school’s miseries is both helpful and displeasing to Jane. A massive typhus epidemic sweeps Lowood, and Helen dies of consumption. The epidemic also results in the departure of Mr. Brocklehurst by attracting attention to the insalubrious conditions at Lowood. After a group of more sympathetic gentlemen takes Brocklehurst’s place, Jane’s life improves dramatically. She spends eight more years at Lowood, six as a student and two as a teacher. After teaching for two years, Jane yearns for new experiences. She accepts a governess position at a manor called Thornfield, where she teaches a lively French girl named Adele. The distinguished housekeeper Mrs. Fairfax presides over the estate. Jane’s employer at Thornfield is a dark, impassioned man named Rochester, with whom Jane finds herself falling secretly in love. She saves Rochester from a fire one night, which he claims was started by a drunken servant named Grace Poole. But because Grace Poole continues to work at Thornfield, Jane inclues that she has not been told the entire story. Jane sinks into despondency when Rochester brings home a beautiful but vicious woman named Blanche Ingram. Jane expects Rochester to propose to Blanche. But Rochester instead proposes to Jane, who accepts almost disbelievingly. The wedding day arrives, and as Jane and Mr. Rochester prepare to exchange their vows, the voice of Mr. Mason cries out that Rochester already has a wife. Mason introduces himself as the brother of that wife—a woman named Bertha .Mr.Mason testifies that Bertha ,whom Rochester married when he was a young man in Jamaica, is still alive. Rochester does not deny Mason’s claims, but he explains that Bertah has gone mad. He takes the wedding party back to Thornfield, where they witness the insane Berta Mason scurrying around on all fours and growling like an animal. Rochester keeps Bertha hidden on the third story of Thornfield and pays Grace Poole to keep his wife under control. Bertha was the real cause of the mysterious fire earlier in the story. Knowing that it is impossible for her to be with Rochester, Jane flees Thornfield. Penniless and hungry, Jane is forced to sleep outdoors and beg for food. At last, theree siblings who live in a manor alternatively called Marsh End and Moor House take her in. Their names are Mary, Diana, and St. John Rivers, and Jane quickly becomes friends with them. St. John is a clergyman, and he finds Jane a job teaching at a charity school in Morton. He surprises her one day by declaring that her uncle, John Eyre, has died and left her a large fortune: 20,000 pounds. When Jane asks how he received this news, he shocks her further by declaring that her uncle was also his uncle: Jane and the Riverses are cousins. Jane immediately decides to share her inheritance equally with her three newfound relatives. St. John decides to travel to India as a missionary, and he urges Jane to accompany him---as his wife. Jane agrees to go to India but refuses to marry her cousin because she does not love him. St. John pressures her to reconsider, and she nearly gives in. However, she realizes that she cannot abandon forever the man she truly loves when one night she hears Rochester’s voice calling her name over the moors. Jane immediately hurries back to Thornfield and finds that it has been burned to the ground by Bertha Mason, who lost her life in the fire. Rochester saved the servants but lost his eyesight and one of his hands. Jane travels on ot Rochester’s new residence, Ferndean, where he lives with two servants named John and Mary. At Ferndean, Rochester and Jane rebuild their relationship and soon marry. At the end of her story, Jane writes that she has been married for ten blissful years and that she and Rochester enjoy perfect equality in their life together. She says that after two years of blindness, Rochester regained sight in one eye and was able to behold their first son at his birth. III. Character List 1. Jane Eyre The protagonist and narrator of the novel, Jane is an intelligent, honest, plain-featured young girl forced to contend with oppression, inequality, and hardship. Although she meets with a series of individuals who threaten her autonomy, Jane repeatedly succeeds at asserting herself and maintains her principles of justice, human dignity, and morality. She also values intellectual and emotional fulfillment. Her strong belief in gender and social equality challenges the Victorian prejudices against women and the poor. 2. Edward Rochester Jane’s employer and the master of Thornfield, Rochester is a wealthy, passionate man with a dark secret that provides much of the novel’s suspense. Rochester is unconventional, ready to set aside polite manners, propriety, and consideration of social class in order to interact with Jane frankly and directly. He is rash and impetuous and has spent much of his adult life roaming about Europe in an attempt to avoid the consequences of his youthful indiscretions. His problems are partly the result of his own recklessness, but he is a sympathetic figure because he has suffered for so long as a result of his early marriage to Bertha. 3. St. John Rivers Along with his sisters, Mary and Diana, St. John serves as Jane’s benefactor after she runs away from Thornfield, giving her food and shelter. The minister at Morton, St. John is cold, reserved, and often controlling in his interactions with others. Because he is entirely alienated from his feelings and devoted solely to an austere ambition. St. John serves as a foil to Edward Rochester. 4. Mrs. Reed Mrs. Reed is Jane’s cruel aunt, who raises her at Gateshead Hall until Jane is sent away to school at age ten. Later in her life, Jane attempts reconciliation with her aunt, but the old woman continues to resent her because her husband had always loved Jane more than his own children. 5. Bessie Lee The maid at Gateshead, Bessie is the only figure in Jane’s childhood who regularly treats her kindly, telling her stories and singing her songs. Bessie later marries Robert Leaven, the Reeds’ coachman. 6. Mr. Lloyd Mr. Lloyd is the Reed’s apothecary, who suggests that Jane be sent away to school. Always kind to Jane, Mr. Lloyd writes a letter to Miss Temple confirming Jane’s story about her childhood and clearing Jane of Mrs. Reed’s charge that she is a liar. 7. Georgina Reed Georginia Reed is Jane’s cousin and one of Mrs. Reed’s two daughers. The beautiful Georgiana treats Jane cruelly when they are children, but later in their lives she befriends her cousin and confides in her. Geogiana attempts to elope with a man named Lord Edwin Vere, but her sister, Eliza, alters Mrs. Reed of the arrangement and sabotages the plan. After Mrs. Reed dies, Georgiana marries a wealthy man. 8. Eliza Reed Eliza Reed is Jane’s cousin and one of Mrs. Reed’s two daughters (along with her sister, Georgiana). Not as beautiful as her sister, Eliza devotes herself somewhat self-righteously to the church and eventually goes to a convent in France where she becomes the Mother Superior. 9. John Reed John Reed is Jane’s cousin, Mrs. Reed’s son, and brother to Eliza and Georgiana. John treats Jane with appalling cruelty during their childhood and later falls into a life of drinking and gambling. John commits suicide midway through the novel when his mother ceases to pay his debts for him. 10. Helen Burns Helen Burns is Jane’s close friend at the Lowood School. She endures her miserable life there with a passive dignity that Jane cannot understand. Helen dies of consumption in Jane’s arms. 11. Mr. Brocklehurst The cruel, hypocritical master of the Lowood School, Mr. Brocklehurst preaches a doctrine of privation, while stealing from the school to support his luxurious lifestyle. After a typhus epidemic sweeps Lowood, Brocklehurst’s shifty and dishonest practices are brought to light and he is publicly discredited. 12.Maria Temple Maria Temple is a kind teacher at Lowood, who treats Jane and Helen with respect and compassion. Along with Bessie Lee, she serves as one of Jane’s first positive female role models. Miss Temple helps clear Jane of Mrs. Reed’s accusations against her. 13. Miss Scatcherd Jane’s sour and vicious teacher at Lowood, Miss Scatcherd behaves with particular cruelty toward Helen. 14. Alice Fairfax Alice Fairfax is the housekeeper at Thornfield Hall. She is the first to tell Jane that the mysterious laughter often heard echoing through the halls is, in fact, the laughter of Grace Poole—a lie that Rochester himself often repeats 15. Bertha Mason Rochester’s clandestine wife, Bertha Mason is a formerly beautiful and wealthy Creole woman who has become insane, violent, and bestial. She lives locked in a secret room on the third story of Thornfield and is guarded by Grace Poole, whose occasional bouts of inebriation sometimes enable Bertha to escape. Bertah eventually burns down Thornfield, plunging to her death in the flames. 16.Grace Poole Grace Poole is Bertha Mason’s keeper at Thornfield, whose drunken carelessness frequently allows Bertha to escape. When Jane first arrives at Thornfield, Mrs. Fairfax attributes to Grace all evidences of Bertha’s misdeeds. 17. Adele Verens Jane’s pupil at Thornfield, Adele Varens is a lively though somewhat spoiled child from France. Rochester brought her to Thornfield after her mother, Celine, abandoned her. Although Celiine was once Rochester’s mistress, he does not believe himself to be Adele’s father. 18. Celine Varens Celine Verens is a French opera dancer with whom Rocherster once had an affair. Although Rochester does not believe Celine’s claims that he fathered her daughter Adele, he nonetherless brought the girl to England when Celine abandoned her. Rochester had broken off his relationship with Celine after learning that Celine was unfaithful to him and interested only in his money. 19. Sophie Sophie is Adele’s French nurse at Thornfield. 20. Richard Mason Richard Mason is Bertha’s brother. During a visit to Thornfield, he is injured by his mad sister. After learning of Rochester’s intent to marry Jane, Mason arrives with solicitor Briggs in order to thwart the wedding and reveal the truth of Rochester’s prior marriage. 21. Mr.Briggs John Eyre’s attorney, Mr. Briggs helps Richard Mason prevent Jane’s wedding to Rochester when he learns of the existence of Bertha Mason, Rochester’s wife. After John Eyre’s death, Briggs searches for Jane in order to give her inheritance. 22. Blanche Ingram Blanche Ingram is a beautiful socialite who despises Jane and hopes to marry Rochester for his money. 23. Diana Rivers Diana Rivers is Jane’s cousin and the sister of St. John and Mary. Diana is a kind and intelligent person, and she urges Jane not to go to India with St. John. She serves as a model for Jane of an intellectually gifted and independent woman. 24. Mary Rivers Mary Rivers is Jane’s cousin, the sister of St. John and Diana. Mary is a kind and intelligent young woman who is forced to work as a governess after her father loses his fortune. Like her sister, she serves as a model for Jane of an independent woman who is also able to maintain close relationship with others and a sense of meaning in her life. 25. Rosamond Oliver Rosamond Oliver is the beautiful daughter of Mr. Oliver, Morton’s wealthiest inhabitant. Rosamond gives money to the school in Morton where Jane works. Although she is in love with St. John, she becomes engaged to the wealthy Mr. Granby. 26. John Eyre John Eyre is Jane’s uncle, who leaves her his vast fortune of 20,000 pounds 27. Uncle Reed Uncle Reed is Mrs. Reed’s late husband. In her childhood, Jane believes that she feels the presence of his ghost. Because he was always fond of Jane and her mother (his sister), Uncle Reed made her wife promise that she would raise Jane as her own child. It is a promise that Mrs. Reed does not keep. IV. Themes and Symbols 1.Themes Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. 1. Love, Family, and Independence As an orphan at Gateshead, Jane is oppressed and dependent. For Jane to discover herself, she must break out of these restrictive conditions and find love and independence. Jane must have the freedom to think and feel, and she seeks out other independent-minded people as the loving family she craves. Jane, HELEN BURNS, and MS. TEMPLE enjoy a deep mutual respect, and form emotional bonds that anticipate the actual family Jane finds in MARY and DIANA RIVERS. Yet Jane also has a natural instinct toward submission. When she leaves Lowood to find new experiences, she describes herself as seeking a “new servitude.” In her relationship with men, she has the inclination toward making first ROCHESTER and then ST. JOHN her “master.” Over the course of the novel, Jane strives to find a balance between service and mastery. Jane blends her freedom with her commitments to love, virtue, and self-respect. At the end, Jane is both guide and servant to Rochester. She finds and creates her own family, and their love grows out of the mutual respect of free minds. 2． Social Class and Social Rules Life in 19th-century Britain was governed by social class, and people typically stayed in the class into which they were born. Both as an orphan at Gateshead and as a governess at Thornfield, JANE holds a position that is between classes, and interacts with people of every level, from working-class servants to aristocrats. Jane’s social mobility lets Brontë create a vast social landscape in her novel in which she examines the sources and consequences of class boundaries. For instance, class differences cause many problems in the love between Jane and ROCHESTER. Jane must break through class prejudices about her standing, and make people recognize and respect her personal qualities. Brontë tries to illustrate how personal virtues are better indicators of character than class.

Yet the novel doesn’t entirely endorse breaking every social rule. Jane refuses, for instance, to become Rochester’s mistress despite the fact that he was tricked into a loveless marriage. Jane recognizes that how she sees herself arises at least partly out of how society sees her, and is unwilling to make herself a powerless outcast for love.

3. Gender Roles

In 19th-century England, gender roles strongly influenced people’s behavior and identities, and women endured condescending attitudes about a woman’s place, intelligence, and voice. Jane has an uphill battle to become independent and recognized for her personal qualities. She faces off with a series of men who do not respect women as their equals. MR. BROCKLEHURST, ROCHESTER, and ST. JOHN all attempt to command or master women. Brontë uses marriage in the novel to portray the struggle for power between the sexes. Even though BERTHA MASON is insane, she is a provocative symbol of how married women can be repressed and controlled. Jane fends off marriage proposals that would squash her identity, and strives for equality in her relationships. For its depiction of Jane’s struggle for gender equality, Jane Eyre was considered a radical book in its day.

4. Religion

Religion and spirituality are key factors in how characters develop in the novel. JANE matures partly because she learns to follow Christian lessons and resist temptation. Helen Burns introduces Jane to the New Testament, which becomes a moral guidepost for Jane throughout her life. As Jane develops her relationship with God, MR. ROCHESTER must also reform his pride, learn to pray, and become humble. Brontë depicts different forms of religion: HELEN trusts in salvation; ELIZA REED becomes a French Catholic nun; and ST. JOHN preaches a gloomy Calvinist faith. The

novel attempts to steer a middle course. In Jane, Brontë sketches a virtuous faith that does not consume her individual personality. Jane is self-respecting and religious, but also exercises her freedom to love and feel. 5. Feeling vs. Judgment Just as Jane Eyre can be described as Jane’s quest to balance her contradictory natural instincts toward independence and submission, it can also be described as her quest to find a balance between passionate feeling on the one had and judgment, or repression of those feelings, on the other. Through the examples of other characters in the novel, such as Eliza and Georgiana, Rochester and St. John—or Bertha, who has no control over her emotions at all—Jane Eyre shows that it’s best to avoid either extreme. Passion makes a person silly, frivolous or even dangerous, while repression makes a person cold. Over the course of the novel, Jane learns how to create a balance between her feelings and her judgment, and to create a life of love that is also a life of serious purpose. 6. The Spiritual and the Supernatural Brontë uses many themes of Gothic novels to add drama and suspense to Jane Eyre. But the novel isn’t just a ghost story because Brontë also reveals the reasons behind supernatural events. For instance, Mr. Reed’s ghost in the red-room is a figment of Jane’s stressed-out mind, while Bertha is the “demon” in Thornfield. In Jane Eyre, the effects of the supernatural matter more than the causes. The supernatural allows Brontë to explore her characters’ psyches, especially Jane’s inner fears. The climactic supernatural moment in the novel occurs when Jane and Rochester have a telepathic connection. In the text, Jane makes it clear that the connection was not supernatural to her. Instead, she considers that moment a mysterious spiritual connection. Brontë makes their telepathy part of her conceptions of love and religion. 2. Symbols: Symbols are objects, characters, figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts 1.The Red-Room The red-room symbolizes how society traps JANE by limiting her freedom due to her class, gender, and independent streak. 2.Fire and Ice Fire is a symbol of emotion in the novel. MR. ROCHESTER has a fiery personality, while ST. JOHN is associated with ice and snow, symbolizing his dispassionate character. JANE draws arctic scenes in her portfolio that symbolize death. She wants the vitality that fire brings, but also to keep it under control. On the other hand, BERTHA MASON, who has no control over her feelings, is a pyromaniac. The inferno at Thornfield illustrates the danger of letting the passions run wild.

3. Eyes

The eyes are the windows to the soul in Jane Eyre. JANE is especially attracted to MR. ROCHESTER’S black and brilliant eyes, which symbolize his temper and power. After Mr. Rochester loses his eyesight in the fire, Jane becomes his eyes: metaphorically, Jane now holds the position of mastery. Bertha has bloodshot eyes that match her violent nature. The novel also emphasizes the mind’s eye—an active imagination.

4.Food

In Jane Eyre, food symbolizes generosity, nourishment, and bounty, and hunger symbolizes cruelty and a lack of nourishment. Brontë uses food and hunger to reveal how people treat each other—who is charitable, and who isn’t. For instance, the lack of food at Lowood reveals the school’s cruelty and religious hypocrisy. Ms. Temple, on the other hand, provides food and is compassionate and generous. Food has religious significance in the novel as well—physical hunger represents a deeper spiritual craving.

5. Portraits and Pictures

Through dreams and drawings, JANE visualizes her deepest feelings. Jane’s portfolio contains pictures that symbolize her life. Portraits can also stand in for people’s characters. Jane compares her portraits of herself and BLANCHE INGRAM, which mirror the differences in the two women’s personalities and social class. Jane’s portrait of ROSAMOND OLIVER is the closest that ST. JOHN ever gets to happiness on earth. In each case, the visual picture takes on a new reality. Brontë, making her own picture of society in Jane Eyre, likewise wanted to give her novel real relevance

V. Summary and Homework

1. Author , plot Themes and symbols 2. Write a summary plot

VI. References 1. 王宝英（翻译），《简爱》， 哈佛蓝星双语名著导读， 天津科技翻译出版公司，，2003-9、1 2. Barker, Juliet R.V. The Brontes. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995 3. Bloom, Harold, ed. Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 3. Winnifrith, Tom. The Brontes and Their Background: Romance and Reality. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hamshire:Macmillan, 1988