中考英语定语从句的用法(含答案)

定语从句的用法

定语从句: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中充当定语，所以叫作定语从句。

先行词： 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

关系词： 引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）和关系副词(where, when, why,)。

复合句 ： The man who (that) came is Mike.

先行词 关系代词

Li Ming is the one that got full marks in our class.

先行词 关系代词

一 关系代词 Which的用法: 若先行词指物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语.

This is the pen which was given by my friend.

先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语

This is the pen which my friend gave to me.

先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语

二 关系代词 Who的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语(如果前面带介词则必须用whom)

The man who is wearing a white suit is my brother.

先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语

The man who\\whom he wanted to see last week is in Shanghai.

先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语

She is the girl with whom I went there.

先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.

三 关系代词 Whom的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语) ,与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom

This is the teacher whom/who we like best.

先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语

She is the girl whom/ who I went with there.

先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾.

I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.

先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.

四 关系代词 that的用法: 若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语

The animal that \\which is lost is a panda.

先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语

The mooncakes that mother cooked taste nice.

先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语

Who is the man that is reading a newspaper there?

先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语

She is the person that \\who we are worried about.

先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语

注：在从句中作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在whom，which之前（不可放在that之前），也可放在原来的位置上。在含有介词的固定动词词组中的介词则只能放在原来的位置上。如：

The man from whom I borrowed an umbrella is a friend of mine.

= The man whom I borrowed an umbrella from is a friend of mine.

The girl whom (who) I am looking for is my sister. (look for 是固定词组，for不可放在whom之前)

注意1 that /which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用which ,不用that

(1) 关系代词前有介词时.

This is the hotel in which you will stay.

(2) 如有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系代词是that,另一句宜于用which.

Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the liberary which was newly open (新开放) to us.

注意2 that/which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用that ,不用which.

(1) 先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时

This is the best that has been used against air pollution(反对空气污染) in cities.

English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.

(2) 先行词是序数词,或它的前面有一个序数词时

He is the last person that I want to see.

(3) 主句中已有疑问词时

Which is the bike that you lost?

(4) 先行词既有人又有物时

The bike and its rider that had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police station.

(5) 先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等代词时

You should hand in all that you have.

We haven’t got much that we can offer you.

I mean the one that you talked about just now.

(6) 先行词前面有only, any, few, little, no, all, one of, the same, the very等词修饰时

The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.

Li Ming is the only one that got full marks (满分)in our class.

Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.

(7) 有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用that

Edison built up a factory(办了一个工厂) which produced things that had never been

seen before.

五 关系副词 Where的用法:

若先行词指地点且其在定语从句中充当地点状语.

This is the house I was born in the house. (=I was born there)

介词短语 副词

=This is the house where I was born.这就是我在那儿出生的房子.

先行词 关系副词

in which I was born.

介词+关系代词

which I was born in.

关系代词

这里作介宾的which和that可以省略

that I was born in

关系代词.

六 关系副词 When的用法:

若先行词指时间且其在定语从句中充当时间状语.

He came at a time +we needed help at a time.

介词短语

=He came at a time when we needed help

关系副词

at which we needed help

介词+关系代词

which we needed help at

关系代词 这里的作介宾的which 和that可以省略

that we needed help at

七 关系副词why的用法：在定语从句中只要先行词是the reason，它的关系副词就是why。

如：The reason why I am calling you is to invite you to the party.

练 习（含答案）

1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.

A. that B. who C. whom D. this

2. The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.

A. whom B. which C. who D. /

3. The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.

A. that B. whose C. which D. as

4. Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?

A. the one B. which C. who D. whom

5. Is this factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?

A. the one B. that C. which D. /

6. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.

A. which B. that C. / D. it

7. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.

A. which B. in which C. that D. all

8. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.

A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who

9. Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.

A. which B. whom C. whose D. this

10. This is the best book _____ I have been looking for all this year.

A. who B. whom C. which D. /

11. This is the only article of these that _____ written by him.

A. was B. were C. is D. are

12. The man _____ was here just now is a doctor.

A. whom B. who C. / D. he

13. The boy _____ has two lovely dogs.

A. who live next door B. which lives next door

C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door

14. Those _____ made no mistakes please raise your hands.

A. which B. whom C. that D. who

15. Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been _____.

A. /, to B. that, / C. where, to D. which, there

16. He is the most careful boy _____ I know.

A. what B. which C. as D. /

17. This is the school _____ Mr. Smith once taught.

A. in that B. when C. where D. there

18. Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born?

A. where B. in that C. that D. which

19. The factory _____ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week.

A. when B. where C. that D. which

20. Do you still remember the day _____ we first met?

A. that B. when C. what D. on that

21. The time _____ we studied together is not easily forgotten.

A. when B. that C. where D. in which

22. October 1,1949 is the day _____ we’ll never forget.

A. when B. that C. where D. in which

23. October 1,1949 was the day _____ the PRC was founded.

A. which B. when C. where D. in which

24. Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing?

A. which B. where C. in which D. what

25. Is this museum _____ they visited last month?

A. that B. which C. where D. the one

26. I still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.

A. what B. which C. that D. where

27． The film brought the hours back to me _____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.

A. until B. that C. when D. where

28. John said he'd been working in the office for an hour, ______ was true.

A. he B. this C. which D. who

29. I should never forget those years ___ I lived in the country with the farmers, _ _ has a great effect on my life.

A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who

30. ___ is known to all, China will be an ____ powerful country in 20 or 30 years' time.

A. That; advancing B. This; advancd C. As; advancd D. It; advancing

改错题

1 This is the village for which you are looking.

2 I’ve read all the books which were borrowed from the library.

3 He talked happily about the men and books which interested him greatly in the school.

4 Everything which can be done has been done.

5 Who has seen the TV films doesn’t admire it?

6 I don’t like the way which you laugh at her.

7 Those that want to go there will wait at the gate of the school.

8 This is Mr. Smith, whom I think has something interesting to tell you.

9 Anyone that was late for class should be criticized.

10 Is this factory which we visited last year?

11 This is one of the best books that has ever been written

12 Don’t talk about such things that you don’t understand.

13 She bought the same dress that I’m wearing.

14 Our hometown is not the country which it was.

15 Which is known to all, paper was first made in China.

16 There lived an old man that was kind to others.

1~5 A C A B A 6~10 B C C A D 11~15 C B D D A 16~20 D C A B B B B A D D 27-30CCBC

答案与分析：

1 for which you are looking → which you are looking for.

21~26 A

分析：whom, which做介词宾语时，介词一般可放在whom, which之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上，但在含有介词的固定词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上，因为移开介词就失去了这一词组的意义。

2 which →that

分析：当先行词前有the only, the very, few, little, just, right, any, all, one以及形容词最高级和序数词来修饰时只能用关系代词that.

3 which → that

分析：先行词既有人也有物时，只用that引导定语从句。

4 which → that

分析：先行词是不定代词如some, all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等，只用 that引导定语从句。

5第二个who → that

分析：主句中有who, whom, which 时，只用that引导定语从句。

6 which → in which / that

分析：the way指方式，常用代词that 替代in which结构引导定语从句，that也可省略，注意下面句子结构！

This is the way that he did it.

= This is the way in which he did it.

= This is the way he did it.

= This is how he did it.

7 that → who

分析：先行词those指人时只用Who,指物时只用that

8 whom → who

分析：在这个非性定语从句中，把I think省略不看，可知has前缺少主语。

9 that → who

分析：先行词是one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, none指人时只用who引导定语从句。

10 which → the one (that)

分析：此句缺少表语the one,注意下面句子的变化！

1) This factory is the one (that) we visited last year.

→Is this factory the one (that) we visited last year?

2) This is the factory (that/which) we visited last year.

→ Is this the factory (that/which) we visited last year?

11 has → have

分析：在one of the best books结构中，books做先行词，关系代词也应是复数，因此从句中的谓语动词用复数。但是先行词是the (only/very) one of the +名词复数时，the only one是先行词，关系代词是单数形式，谓语动词用单数。

比较：Tom is one of the boys who are often late.

汤姆是经常迟到的学生之一。

Tom is the only one of the boys who is often late.

汤姆是这些孩子中唯一迟到的人。

12 that → as

分析：先行词前有such来修饰，常用关系代词 as引导定语从句。

比较：

I enjoy such books as you have introduced to us.

(as 引导定语从句)

He enjoys such books that he has bought three.

(that 引导结果状语从句)

13 that → as

分析：先行词前有the same用as引导定语从句是指同式样或同类的事物，而that 引导的定语从句是指同一事物。

比较：He is using the same pen as I used yesterday.

他现在用的笔和我昨天用的笔式样相同。

He is using the same pen that I used yesterday.

他现在用的笔是我昨天用过的。

14 which → that

分析：当关系代词在定语从句中充当表语时，用that 。

15 Which → as

分析：在as引导的非性定语从句中，as

常代表主句中的整个意义，在定语从句中位置比较灵活，可放于句首，也可放在句中或句尾，用逗号分开。

比较：as 与 which 引导非性定语从句的区别。

1) 非性定语从句与主句为因果关系时只用which 。

Eg: He ate too much ,which made him ill.

2) 非性定语从句是对主句的评论时，只用which。

The boy cheated his mother of much money，which was disgraceful.

3）当先行词是单词而不是句子时，只用which。

I have lost the pen, which I like very much.

4) as引导的定语从句与主句的关系为一致关系，常译为“正如”，“就像”，而且位置比较灵活。

16 that → who

分析：在there be(lived)结构中先行词指人时用who。先行词指物时用that。