某大酒店冷负荷计算实例

项目名称：

f ——面积（㎡） h ——高度（m） v ——体积（m³） dp ——室人数指标（人/㎡） p ——人数（人）

loa ——单位新风量（㎡/h.p） Gx ——新风量（m³/h） n ——换气次数（次/h） G ——风量（m³/h） q ——面积冷指标（w/㎡） Q ——冷负荷（w）

1设计依据

1气象资料 市

位于N34°18′ E108°56′ 海拔396.9m

大气压力 959.2mbar

夏季空调室外计算干球温度为35.2℃ 夏季空调室外计算日平均温度30.7℃

夏季空调室外计算湿球温度为26.0℃ 夏季空调室外计算日较差8.7℃

年平均空调室外计算平均温度13.3℃ 2室设计工况

夏季空调室设计相对湿度60﹪

夏季空调室设计干球温度27℃

2某大酒店二层平面设计图 3国家规 4设计任务书

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1. 电梯厅（包括服务台）夏季冷负荷计算 1.1电梯厅围护结构传热冷负荷计算 1.1.1 电梯厅北外墙传热冷负荷

由〈〈供暖通风及空气调节〉〉附录9.1查得K、β、ε 等值，其中衰减系数β=0.35，延迟时间ε=8.5，再根据β和ε值查〈〈供暖通风及空气调节〉〉，得干扰量作用时刻τ－ε时，市北外墙负荷温差逐时值Δtτ－ε，计算出相应的逐时冷负荷，计算结果列表如下： τ△Tτ-εK/(w/㎡.℃)F/㎡Q/w7786961061161261361.9514615716717811991301121121121129.54112112112130130149167167 1.1.2电梯厅北外窗传热冷负荷 ①电梯厅北外窗瞬变传热得热冷负荷 由〈〈供暖通风及空气调节〉〉附录12查各计算时刻的负荷温差Δtτ，在该书的附录四查得K=6.4(w/㎡.℃)

计算结果如下表：

τ△Tτ-εK/(w/㎡.℃)F/㎡71.782.693.7104.9116127.1137.9148.5150.9169178.8188.2197.46.42.111412.112111811099.5 Q/w22.834.949.765.980.695.4106②电梯厅北外窗日射得热冷负荷 外窗地点修正系数Xd ：1 有效面积系数Xg ： 0.85 遮阳系数Cn ：0.6

玻璃透射系数Cs ：1.0

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τJXgXdCsCnF/㎡74885096210731181128713901487158116721770186919341×1×0.85×0.62.17573.936.4 Q/w51.453.666.478.286.3.296.493.286.877.11.2电梯厅围护结构冷负荷

由〈〈供暖通风及空调设备〉〉市夏季空调室外计算日平均温度为30.7℃，非空调空间——楼梯间无散热量，查《供暖通风及空气调节》表2.12确定楼梯间的温升为1℃，邻室的平均温度为31.7℃，墙传热系数，查《供暖通风及空气调节》附录9.3， K=1.76（w/㎡.℃)，温差大于3℃，其稳定传热负荷为：

Q=KF(tl-tn)=1.76*22.32*（31.7-27）=184.6W

1.3电梯厅热湿源冷负荷与湿负荷计算 1.3.1照明散热负荷计算

Qcl=Q*JXτ－t Q=de*F

JXτ－t逐时计算负荷强度系数，查《供暖通风及空气调节》附录18 计算结果如下表：

τJXtQQcl70101112131415161718190.490.660.710.740.770.80.830.850.870.0.90.91630030941474685504523536548561567573 1.3.2电梯厅人体热湿源冷负荷与湿负荷计算

电梯厅群集系数n′=0.9，全部人数n= dp*F=0.2*42=8.4人

查《供暖通风及空气调节》表2.20 Qx=57人/W. W=115h*人/g Qq=77人/W.

人体湿负荷W=n n′w=8.4*0.9*115/1000=0.87kg/h

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人体冷负荷计算如下：

τJPQxQqnn′70101112131415161718190.570.720.760.80.820.850.870.880.90.910.920.9357778.40.9 Qcl582.1827.72.4909.6926.9935.5948.4957961.3969.9974.3978.6982.91.4电梯厅新风冷负荷

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1.5电梯厅冷负荷汇总

计算时刻外墙负荷/W窗传热负荷/W窗日射负荷/W内墙负荷/W照明负荷/W人体负荷/W总负荷/W713022.851.4184.60582.1970.9309827.71521.84162.41721.1447909.61797.3466926.91856.9485935.51905.7504948.41951.45239571983.8536961.32018.75469.92030.6561974.32061.9567978.62081.1573982.92043.4811234.953.6911249.766.41011265.978.21111280.686.81211295.493.21311210696.41411211493.21513012086.81613012177.117149118751816711073.91916799.536.4 页脚

上面的计算，所用的公式和有关的符号均可用于下面的计算中，故下面的计算不在加以说明，而直接列表。

2.西餐厅夏季冷负荷计算

2.1西餐厅围护结构传热冷负荷计算 2.1.1西餐厅北外墙Ⅵ传热冷负荷 τ7△Tτ-7εK/(w/㎡.℃)F/㎡Q/w15186961061161261361.95146157167178119912912912912911.04129129129151151172194194 2.1.2西餐厅北外窗传热冷负荷

①西餐厅北外窗瞬变传热得热冷负荷

τ782.693.7104.9116127.1137.96.42.1148.5158.9169178.8188.2197.4△T1.7τ-K/(w/㎡.F/㎡Q/w22.834.949.765.980.695.4106②西餐厅北外窗日射得热冷负荷 11412012111811099.5 τJXgXdCsCnF/㎡74885096210731181128713901487158116721770186919341×1×0.85×0.6312413313813312411010710652 Q/w73.476.594.91122.1.3西餐厅西外墙Ⅴ传热冷负荷 页脚

τ△Tτ-K/(w/㎡.F/㎡710991081181271371.9517.4514715816817918101911Qcl,340τ/W306306272272238238238272272306340374 2.1.4西餐厅西外墙Ⅲ传热冷负荷

τ△Tτ-K/(w/㎡.F/㎡Q/w710991081181271371.9518.72147158168179181019113653293292922922562562562922923293654022.1.5西餐厅西外窗传热冷负荷

F=0.83*2.5*2=4.15

① 西餐厅西外窗瞬变传热得热冷负荷

τ7△T1.7τ-K/(w/㎡.F/㎡82.693.7104.9116127.1137.96.44.15148.5158.9169178.8188.2197.4Q/w45.269.198.31301591210226236239234218197 ② 西餐厅西外窗日射得热冷负荷

τJXgXdCsCnF/㎡741855966107811861290131351421515281163151730118241191071×1×0.85×0..151401651821902855595667637510226Q/w86.8116页脚

2.1.6西餐厅南外墙Ⅱ传热冷负荷

τ△Tτ-K/(w/㎡.F/㎡Q/w7787961061161261361.9524.146157168179119103403402912912912912912913403884374374852.1.7西餐厅南外墙Ⅳ传热冷负荷

τ△Tτ-K/(w/㎡.F/㎡Q/w7787961061161261361.9511.0414615716817911910151151129129129129129129151172194194215 2.1.8西餐厅南外窗传热冷负荷（除外窗①以外） ①西餐厅南外窗瞬变传热得热冷负荷

τ7△T1.7τ-K/(w/㎡.F/㎡Q/w13782.693.7104.9116127.1137.96.412.6148.5158.9169178.8188.2197.4210298395484573637685718726710661597

②西餐厅南外窗日射得热冷负荷

τJXgXdCsCnF/㎡Q/w73084591093111211213713138141241510116821767184919351×1×0.85×0.612.619324115987788808877979527431315225 2.1.9西餐厅南外窗①传热冷负荷 ①西餐厅南外窗①瞬变传热冷负荷

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τ7△T1.7τ-K/(w/㎡.F/㎡82.693.7104.9116127.1137.93.265.83148.5158.9169178.8188.2197.4Q/w32.349.470.393.1114②西餐厅南外窗①日射热冷负荷

135150162169171167156141 τJXgXdCsCnF/㎡73084591093111211213713138141241510116821767184919351×1×0.75×0.65.8316824431735936232526521517612991.8Q/w78.71182.2西餐厅围护结构冷负荷

西餐厅的非空调邻室为厨房，它的平均温度为32℃，墙的传热系数为K=1.76 w/㎡.℃，则空调房间与非空调房间温差为3℃以上。

稳定传热冷负荷Qcl= KF(tl-tn)=1.76*23.88（32-27）=210.1 2.3西餐厅热湿源冷负荷与湿负荷计算 2.3.1 照明散热负荷计算

τJXtQQcl70101112131415161718190.490.660.710.740.770.80.830.850.870.0.90.912167.50106214311539160416691734179918421886192919511972 2.3.2西餐厅人体热湿源冷负荷与湿负荷计算

群集系数n′=0.85，全部人数n= dp*F=0.7*144.5=101.15人

查《供暖通风及空气调节》表2.20 Qx=58人/W. W=108h*人/g

Qq=50人/W. 人体湿负荷W=n n′w=101.15*0.85*108/1000=9.29kg/h

人体冷负荷计算如下：

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τJPQxQqnn′Qcl7010110.812131415160.91718190.570.720.760.820.850.870.885850101.150.850.910.920.9349877829857787777690769225932593759475952595749624 2.4西餐厅新风冷负荷

2.5西餐厅额外的负荷（微波炉等）

Qe=150W

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2.6西餐厅冷负荷汇总

计算时刻外墙负荷/W7134281255363.4599.591233516.3813.91011136841119111113837.61401121043992.4156213104311031673210.114104311871710151206124316331612751257142017143812291351181530114510601916601034.5594.8窗传热负荷/W237.3窗日射负荷/W431.9内墙负荷/W照明负荷/W设备负荷/W人体负荷/W总负荷/W015049877358.3106214311539160416691734179918421886192919511972782911319857712781.3877713442.17614141.7907614552.5922514988.1932515274.1937515509.1947515523.1952515682.1957415470.1962415095.4页脚

3中 餐 厅 夏 季 逐 时 冷 负 荷 计 算 3.1中餐厅围护结构传热冷负荷计算

3.1.1中餐厅北外墙传热冷负荷 计算时刻7:008:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:00Δtτ-ε/℃76666666779K/(W/.m²℃)1.951.951.951.951.951.951.951.951.951.951.951.951.95F/m²11.0411.0411.0411.0411.0411.0411.0411.0411.0411.0411.0411.0411.04Qcl,τ/W150.7129.2129.2129.2129.2129.2129.2129.2150.7150.7172.2193.8193.8 3.1.2中餐厅北外窗传热冷负荷

①中餐厅北外窗瞬变传热得热冷负荷 计算时刻7:008:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:00 Δtτ/℃1.7K/(W/.m²6.4℃)F/m²32.66.433.76.434.96.4366.437.16.437.96.438.56.438.96.4396.438.86.438.26.437.46.43 Qcl,τ/W32.49.9271.0494.08115.2136.3151.7163.2170.9172.8169157.4142.1 ②中餐厅北外窗日射得热冷负荷 计算时刻τ7:008:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:00Δtτ-ε/℃48506273818790878172706934K/(W/.m².℃)0.4250.4250.4250.4250.4250.4250.4250.4250.4250.4250.4250.4250.425F/m²Qcl,τ/W333333333333361.263.7579.0593.08103.3110.9114.8110.9103.391.8.2587.9843.35 3.1.3中餐厅南外墙传热冷负荷

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计算时刻7:008:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:00776666667910Δtτ-ε/℃K/(W/.m²℃)1.951.951.951.951.951.951.951.951.951.951.951.951.95F/m²62.0962.0962.0962.0962.0962.0962.0962.0962.0962.0962.0962.0962.09Qcl,τ/W847.5847.5726.5726.5726.5726.5726.5726.5847.5968.6109010901211 3.1.4中餐厅南（1）外窗传热冷负荷

① 中餐厅南（1）外窗瞬时传热冷负荷 计算时刻7:008:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:00Δtτ/℃1.7K/(W/.m²6.4℃)F/m²2.66.43.76.44.96.466.47.16.47.96.48.56.48.96.496.48.86.48.26.47.46.431.831.831.831.831.831.831.831.831.831.831.831.831.8753997.2122114451608173018111832179116691506 Qcl,τ/W346529.2② 中餐厅南（1）外窗日射得热冷负荷 计算时刻7:008:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:00Δtτ-ε/℃30459312113713812410182674935K/(W/.m²℃)0.4250.4250.4250.4250.4250.4250.4250.4250.4250.4250.4250.4250.425F/m²31.831.831.831.831.831.831.831.831.831.831.831.831.886512571635185218651676136511005.5662.2473Qcl,τ/W405.5608.23.1.4中餐厅南（2）外窗传热冷负荷 ① 中餐厅南（2）外窗瞬时传热冷负荷 计算时刻7:008:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:00Δtτ/℃1.72.63.74.967.17.98.58.998.88.27.4K/(W/.m²℃)3.263.263.263.263.263.263.263.263.263.263.263.263.26F/m²5.835.835.835.835.835.835.835.835.835.83 5.835.835.83114134.9150.1161.5169.2171.1167.3155.8140.6 Qcl,τ/W32.3149.4270.3293.13 ② 中餐厅南（2）外窗日射得热冷负荷

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计算时刻Δtτ-ε/℃7:008:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:0030459312113713812410182674935K/(W/.m²℃)0.510.510.510.510.510.510.510.510.510.510.510.510.51F/m²5.835.835.835.835.835.835.835.835.835.835.835.835.83 Qcl,τ/W.2133.8190.3276.5359.8407.3410.3368.7300.3243.8199.2145.7104.13.1.5中餐厅东外墙传热冷负荷 计算时刻7:008:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:00Δtτ-ε/℃887810101112121313K/(W/.m²℃)1.951.951.951.951.951.951.951.951.951.951.951.951.95F/m²37.1737.1737.1737.1737.1737.1737.1737.1737.1737.1737.1737.1737.17Qcl,τ/W579.9579.9507.4579.9579.9652.3724.8724.8797.3869.8869.42.3942.33.1.6中餐厅东外窗传热冷负荷

① 中餐厅东外窗瞬时传热冷负荷 计算时刻7:008:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:00Δtτ/℃1.7K/(W/.m²6.4℃)F/m²2.66.43.76.44.96.466.47.16.47.96.48.56.48.96.496.48.86.48.26.47.46.44.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.161210.3226.3237239.6234.3218.3197 Qcl,τ/W45.2669.2298.51130.5159.7② 中餐厅东外窗日射得热冷负荷 计算时刻7:008:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:00Δtτ-ε/℃230285299266202151142131120105866549K/(W/.m²℃)0.510.510.510.510.510.510.510.510.510.510.510.510.51 F/m²2.082.082.082.082.082.082.082.082.082.082.082.082.08139127.3111.491.2368.9551.98 Qcl,τ/W244302.3317.2282.2214.3160.2150.63.2中餐厅围护结构冷负荷 中餐厅的非空调邻室为厨房，它的平均温度为32℃，墙的传热系数为K=1.76 w/㎡.℃，则空调房间与非空调房间温差为3℃以上。

稳定传热冷负荷Qcl= KF(tl-tn)=1.76×53.01×（32-27）=466.5W

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3.3中餐厅热湿源冷负荷与湿负荷计算 3.3.1 照明散热负荷计 计算时刻τ7:008:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:0000.490.660.710.740.772020270202702027020270202700.80.830.850.870.20270202702027020270202700.90.912027020270Δtτ/℃q/(W/m²)F/m²270Qcl,τ/W02635383439915843204482459046984808604914

中餐厅人体热湿源冷负荷与湿负荷计算

群集系数n′=0.85，全部人数n= dp*F=0.7*270=1人

查《供暖通风及空气调节》表2.20 Qx=58人/W. W=108h*人/g

Qq=50人/W.

人体湿负荷W=n n′w=1*0.85*108/1000=17.35kg/h

人体冷负荷计算如下： 计算时刻τ7:008:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:00Δtτ/℃00.570.720.765850158501585010.80.820.850.870.8858501585015850158501585010.90.910.920.9358501585015850158501q显/(W/m58)q潜/(W/m50)n/人n'10.850.850.850.850.850.850.850.850.850.850.850.850.85 Qcl,τ/W803313344147411511415487156731595316139162321181651216605166983.4中餐厅额外冷负荷 Q=150W

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3.5西餐厅冷负荷汇总

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计算时刻外墙负荷/W71578.181556.6697.7691363.1992.87101435.61314.91111435.61609.92312.41215081905.22530.4131580.52120.12540.7466.5141580.522812294.6151795.52388.115.91619.12415.515551721322361.61285.18182226.12200.59.83192347.11985.7672.43窗传热负荷/W456.1窗日射负荷/W799.9内墙负荷/W照明负荷/W设备负荷/W人体负荷/W总负荷/W 1108.051451.551908.750150803326150133443515014741383415015114399615015487415815015673432015015953448215016139459015016232469815011848061501651248601501660549141501669811483.619502.4122262.5223757.2624990.925924.6266.326927.127051.527225.627246.7827006.4326767.23 页脚

3.空调过程设计计算

3.1各参数汇总

3.1.1室空气参数

 各房间余热量、余湿量及热湿比由第二章负荷计算求得，如表3-1。

室设计计算参数（室温度、相对湿度、风速）由《旅游旅馆建筑热工与空气调节节能设计标准》附录A查得，如表3-1。

3.1.2室外空气参数

由《供暖通风与空气调节》附录1，查得市空调室外计算参数如，表3-2。

城市西安

大气压力mbar*959.2干球温度湿球温度计算日较差℃℃℃35.230.78.7 3.2空调过程的确定

3.2.1咖啡厅一次回风系统处理过程的确定

 处理过程各状态点参数



状态点干球温度℃湿球温度℃焓kJ/kg相对湿度%焓湿量g/kg计算空调送风量G

N2620.260.76013.5L1816.949.79012.4C28.923.573.583.518.3W35.230.7108.572.828.4 G=Q/（in-il）=10.94/(60.7-49.7)=3580kg/h 空气密度为ρ=1.2kg/m3 G=2983 m3/h

 新风比m，新风量见，表3-1。

m=Gx/G=957/2983=32%

处理过程焓湿图

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回风送风供水回水

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