人教版高中英语必修一重点短语、语法知识点总结

人教版必修一各单元知识点总结

Unit One Frie ndship

一、重点短语

1. go through 经历，经受

get through通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系歹U 4. on purpose有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上

9. join in参加（某个活动）； take part in 参加（活动）

join加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down冷静下来 11. suffer from 遭受

12. be/get tired of ?对？ 感到庆倦 13. be concerned about 关心

14. get on/along well with 与？相处融洽 15. be good at/do well in 擅长于 ?

16. find it + adj. to do sth.发现做某事是？ 17. no Ion ger / not ? any Ion ger 不再? 18. too much太多（后接不可数 n.）

much too 太？（后接 adj.）

19. not? until 直到?才

20. it'no pleasure doing sth 做？并不开心 21. make sb. sth.使某人成为？

make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

：、语法----直接引语和间接引语

概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号

间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。

不要加引号。

例： Mr. Black said, “ I' m busy. ”

Mr. Black said that he was busy.

间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且

变化规则

（一）陈述句的变化规则

直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词

that （可省略）引导，从句中

的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。 人称的变化一一人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思

例: 1. He said, “ I like it very much. ”宀 He said that he liked it very much.

2. He said to me, “ lv' left my book in your room.

”

f He told me that he had left his book in my room.

时态的变化 直接引语 一般现在时 现在进行时 1间接引语 一般过去时 过去进行时 1 现在完成时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去将来时 过去完成时 过去完成时 例:

“ I don ' twant to set down a series of facts in a diary, ” said Anne. f Anne said that she didn ' twant to set down a series of facts in a diary. The boy said, “ I' m using a knife. ” f The boy said that he was using a knife.

▲注意：如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变，如：

He said, “ Light travels much faster than sound

” .

He said that light travels much faster than sound.

指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化

1直接引语 this 间接引语 that - those :then before/earlier that day the day before the n ext/follow ing day these now ago today yesterday tomorrow the day after tomorrow come here In two day ' s time go there two days before/earlier the day before yesterday （二）祈使句的变化规则

如果直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带 不定式，并根据句子意思在不定式前加上 定句，在不定式前面还要加上

n ot。例：

to的

tell/ask/order等动词，如果祈使句是否

The hostess said to us, “ Please sit down ” .

T The hostess asked us to sit down.

He said, “ Don ' tmake so much noise, boys ” .

T He told the boys not to make so much noise.

（三）疑问句的变化规则

如果直接引语是疑问句， 变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序， 用句号。

一般疑问句：如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词是

say或

句末

said时，要改为ask或asked,原问句变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句。例:“Do you think a diary can become your friend?

” the writer says.

T The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.

2）特殊疑问句：如果间接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的引导词，但疑问句要变为陈述句。例：

What do you want? ”e asked me.

— He asked me what I wan ted

Unit two En glish around the world

一、重点短语

1. be different from 与？ 不同 be the same as 与？一样

2. one another 相互，彼此（=each other ） 3. official language 官方语言 4. at the end of 在？结束时

5. because of因为（后接名词或名词性短语） because因为（后接句子） 6. native speakers 说母语的人 7. be based on根据，依据 8. at present 目前；当今 9. especially 特别，尤其 specially 专门地

10. make use of 利用?

make the best of 充分利用?

11. a large number of大量的，很多（作主语，谓语动词用复数） the number of ?的数量（作主

语，谓语动词用单数）

12. in fact = actually= as a matter of fact 事实上 13. believe it or not 信不信由你

14. there is no such thing as ? 没有这样的事 ? 15. be expected to ?被期待做某事 16. play a part/role in ? 在？起作用 17. make lists of ?列清单

18. included包括（前面接包括的对象）

In clud ing包括（后接包括的对象） 19. comma nd sb. to do sth. 命令某人去做某事

comma nd + that 从句（从句用 should+V 原） 20. request sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事

request + that 从句（从句用 should+V 原）

二、语法----英语中的命令(comma nd )语气和请求(request)语气

命令语气：表示直接命令某人做某事，语气比较重，不怎么礼貌，一般用于上级例: 1. Look at the example ” the teacher said to us.

2. Open the win dow!

请求语气：表示请求某人做某事，语气比较缓和，非常礼貌 例：1. Would you like to see my flat? ”he asked.

2. Would you please ope n the win dow?

对下级

Unit 3 Travel jour nal

一、重点短语

1. travel----泛指旅行

journey一指长时间长距离的陆上旅行

voyage----指长距离的水上旅行，也可以指乘飞机旅 行trip----常指短时间短距离的旅行tour----指周游, 巡回旅游， 2. prefer to更加喜欢，宁愿 prefer A to B比起B，更喜欢A

prefer doing to doing 比起做?，宁愿做? prefer to do rather than do 与其做？,不如？ 3. flow through 流过，流经 4. ever since 自从

5. persuade sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事 6. be fond of 喜欢

7. insist on doing 坚持做某事

insist + that 从句(用 should+ V 原) 8. care about 关心

9. change one 'mind 改变想法 10. altitude 高度

attitude态度，看法

11. make up one smind to do 下定决心做某事

=decide to do = make a decisi on to do 12. give in让步，屈服

give up放弃

13. be surprised to ? 对？感到惊奇

to one 'surprise 令某人惊讶的是 ？ 14. at last = fin ally = in the end 最终 15. stop to do停下来去做某事

stop doing 停止做某事 16. as usual像往常一样 17. so? that如此？以至于？

So + adj + a/an + n. + that Such + a/a n +adj. + n. + that

18. be familiar with 对？熟悉（人作主语） be familiar to为？所熟悉（物作主语）

二、语法：现在进行时表将来

现在进行时表将来，表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，

常见的现在进行时表

将来的动词有： come/ go / leave/ arrive / travel / take / stay/ do 等. 例：1. I'm comi ng.我就来

2. what are you doi ng next Sun day ? 你下个星期天做什么？ 3. I hear that you are travelling along Mekong River. 4. Where are you staying at night？ 你们晚上待在哪里 /

我听说你将沿湄公河旅行

Unit four Earthquakes

一、重点短语

1. right away 立刻，马上（=at once = in no time ） 2. asleep睡着的；熟睡地（fall asleep入睡） sleep睡；睡眠 sleepy犯困的

3. it seems that/ as if ? 看来好像？；似乎 4. in ruins成为废墟

5. the number of ?的数量（谓语动词用单数） a number of大量（谓语动词用复数） 6. rescue workers 营救人员 Come

to one 'rescue 营救某人 7. be trapped 被困 8. how long多长时间 how often多久，指平率

how soon还要多久（用于将来时当中，用 9. hundreds of thousands of 成千上万的 10. dig out 挖出

11. shake----泛指“动摇，震动\"，常指左右、上下动摇，也可以指人\"震惊，颤抖\"

in+时间段回答）

例：1. She felt the earth shak ing un der him.

2. She was shake n with an ger.

quake----指较强烈的震动，如地震

例:The building quaked on its foundation

Tremble----指人由于寒冷、恐惧、不安等引起的身体的抖动或声音的颤抖

例：Suddenly I saw her lips begin to tremble and tears begin to flow down her cheeks.

Shiver----多指寒冷引起的颤抖、哆嗦

例: A sudde n gust of cold wind made me shiver.

12. rise （rose — risen）---- vi, 上升； 升起，

无被动语态； give rise to 引

起

Raise （ raised — raised）---- vt,举起； 筹集； 养育 Arise （ arose — arisen）----vt,出现（常指问题或现象）

13. injure----常指因意外事故造成的损伤，也可以指感情上名誉上的伤害

例: He was injured in a car accide nt.

harm----泛指“伤害，损害” ，既可以指有生命的，也可以指无生命的

例：1. He was afraid that his fury would harm the child.

2. His bus in ess was harmed for some reas on.

hurt----既可以指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的伤害

例: 1. She hurt her leg whe n she fell.

2. He felt hurt at your word.

wound---- —般指伤、刀伤等在战场上受的伤

例: The bullet woun ded him in the arm.

14. be prepared for ? = make preparations for ? 为？做准备 15. in one 'ho nor向？ 表示敬意；为纪念

Be/ feel honored to do ? 做？感到很荣幸 16. make /give/ deliver a speech 发言

opening speech 开幕词 17. give/ provide shelter to ?向？

seek shelter from ? 躲避 18. happen to + n./pron. 遭遇，发生 happen to do sth. 偶然； 碰巧 happen ----指偶然发生

take place----指事先计划好的事情发生

提供庇护所

二、语法----定语从句

概念：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

成分：先行词，即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词；

关系代词：that，which ，who（宾

格为whom,所有格为whose）;或者关系副词 where，when，why等。关系 代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间，起着连接主从句的作用。

1.关系代词that的用法

关系代词that在定语从句中既能指人，也能指物；既能做主语，也能做宾语 例：1）A plane is a machine that can fly.

指（物，作主语）

2） The noodles （that） I cooked were delicious.

指（物，作宾语）

3） Who is the man that is reading a book over there?

指（人，作主语4） The girl （that） we saw yesterday was Jim ssister,（指人，作宾语 ）

2.关系代词which的用法

）

关系代词which在定语从句中只能指物，但既可以做宾语也能作主语 例：1) They planted some trees which didn ' tneed much water. 作(主语)

2) The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh.( 作宾语)

3.

关系代词who，whom的用法

关系代词who,whom只能指人，在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语 例: 1)The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.

作(主语)

2)The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li.( 作宾语)、

4.

关系代词whose在的用法

关系代词whose为关系代词 who的所有格形式，

其先行词既可以是人也可以

是物，whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语。 例: 1) This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.

作主语)

2)

south is mine. 3)

指(人,

The room whose window faces 指(物，作主语 )

He has written a book whose nameI ' ve forgotten.(指物，作宾语 )

5.关系副词when的用法

关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语

例: 1) I' ll never forget the time when (二during which) we worked on the farm.

2) Do you remember the after noon whe n (=on which) we first met three years ago?

6.

关系副词where在定语从句中的用法 关系副词where在定语从句中做地点状语

例: 1)This is the place where( =at/ in which) we first met.

2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasn

' tvery clean.

7.

关系副词why在定语从句中的用法 关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语

例:1).1 didn ' tget a pay rise, but this wasn ' tthe reason why(= for which) I left.

2). The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed the train.

Unit 5 Nels on Man dela -a moder n hero

selfless 无私的

2. devote on eself to ? 致力于； 献身于

一、重点词汇

1. selfish自私的 3. fight against 对抗，反对 fight for为？而战 4. principle 原贝U principal

校长；主要的

5. offer guidanee to ?给 ？提供指导 6. out of work 失业

7. join加入（组织，俱乐部，成为其中一员） join in参加（活动） take part in 参加（活动） 8. as + adj +as one can 尽可能 ? =as + adj. +as possible

9. as a matter of fact 事实上（=in fact） 10. blow up爆炸，炸掉 11. set up 建立

；set about 着手，开始做（ set about doing sth set off 出发，动身 ； set out 开始，出发（set out to do sth ）. 12. be senteneed to 被判? 13. be equal to与？相等；胜任 14. be proud of为？ 感到自豪

15. give out分发（give off散发出（气味）） 16. die for 为？而死

）

die of死于（自身原因，如疾病） die from死于（外在原因，如车祸） 17. realize one 'dream of ? 实现..的梦想 18. only位于句首时，要主谓倒装

例： Only the n did we decide to an swer viole nee with viole nee.

Only in this way, can we protect the environment better.

：•语法----定语从句

详见第四单元