您的当前位置：首页 2013 全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟试题_综合类_B级

2013 全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟试题_综合类_B级

来源：叨叨游戏网

2013全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟试题_综合类_B级（一）考试说明考试总分：100.0 最高分数：100.0分

及格分数线：60.0分试题数量：65题

答题时间：120分钟

职称英语考试共分三个类别：综合类、理工类、卫生类职称英语考试共每个类别又分三个级别：A级、B级、C级每个试券都是由6个题型组成：词汇选项（共15分）、阅读判断（7分）、概括大意与完成句子（8分）、阅读理解（45分）、补全短文（10分）、完形填空（15分）词汇选项(共15题，共15.0分)

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1

The ability to react to environmental stimuli is a basic and general characteristic of living organisms. [A] reject [B] repeat [C] return to [D] respond to 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：D 试题解析：

react to 对„„起反应(respond to)/reject v. 拒绝,抵制(refuse, deny) 2

All living organisms, regardless of their unique identity, have certain biological, chemical, and physical characteristics in common. [A] as a result of [B] considering [C] cognizant of [D] whatever 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：D 试题解析：

regardless of 不管,无论(whatever)/cognizant of 认知到„„ 3

After Emily Dickinson retreated from the world at the age of twenty-six,she wrote more than one thousand poems.

[A] received praise from

[B] withdrew from [C] rebelled against [D] traveled around 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：B 试题解析：

retreat from 放弃，退出（withdraw from, secede)/rebel against 反抗(revolt, resist) 4

Thomas Fuller was so skilled at mathematics that he was known in the eighteenth century as the “Virginia Calculator.” [A] fascinated by [B] articulate about [C] proficient in [D] suspicious of 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：C 试题解析：

be skilled at 擅长(be good at, be proficient in) 5

Didn’t you know that the naughty girl used to skip classes? [A] attend classes in time [B] miss classes [C] cheat in classes

[D] be unhappy about classes 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：B 试题解析：

skip class 旷课(cut school, stay away from school, miss class) 6

Marxism doctrine was spelled out in the Communist Manifesto. [A] evaluated [B] detailed [C] supported [D] mentioned 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：B 试题解析：

spell out 讲清楚(expatiate, expound, detail) 7

The megaphone makes the voice sound louder because it points sound waves in one direction and keeps them from spreading out in all directions. [A] slithering [B] radiating [C] interfering [D] murmuring 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：B 试题解析：

spread out 扩展，扩散(diffuse, proliferate, radiate)/slither vi. 不稳地滑动(slide, glide)/murmur v. 发低沉连续的声音(mutter, mumble) 8

The exploits of the legendary miner, John Henry, have come to symbolize the manual laborer’s stand against mechanization. [A] contrast with [B] interaction with [C] ignorance of [D] defiance of 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：D 试题解析：

stand against 抵制(defiance of)/defiance of 蔑视；反对 9

In arithmetic, a number stands for the size of a set of things. [A] measures [B] estimates [C] cancels [D] represents 选择答案：

您的答案：

正确答案：D 试题解析：

stand for 代表（represent) 10

Some species of bacteria and fungi thrive on simple compounds such as alcohol. [A] mix with [B] do well on [C] exist in [D] float on 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：B 试题解析：

thrive on 在„„中旺盛生长(do well on, flourish, prosper)/alcohol n.. 酒精，乙醇 11

Why do you want to throw away those books? [A] imitate [B] discuss [C] extract [D] discard 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：D 试题解析：

throw away 丢弃(chuck away, put off, discard)/extract v. 拔出;榨取(pull out, ream, squeeze) 12

The Pullman Strike of 14 tied up transportation and was finally ended only by government intervention. [A] relied upon [B] hindered [C] linked with [D] imitated 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：B 试题解析：

tie up 阻碍(baffle, block, hinder) 13

Although a herd of African elephants may have up to one thousand members, Asiatic elephants live in bands of five to sixty animals. [A] as many as [B] more than [C] fewer than [D] at least 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：A 试题解析：

up to 数目达„„之多(as many as) 14

Prohibition in the United States ushered in an era of crime and corruption. [A] introduced [B] caused [C] used [D] upset 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：A 试题解析：

usher in 引发,产生(fetch in, introduce into)/Prohibition n. (美国)禁酒时期 15

The Spanish, French, Dutch, and English all vied for North American territory [A] arrived on [B] competed for [C] disposed of [D] sailed for 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：B 试题解析：

vie for 竞争„„(compete for, rivalize, strife) 阅读判断(共7题，共7.0分)

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。 Starting a New Tradition

Shantelle Davis is a nine-year-old girl in New York. On a cold night in December, her family is standing around the kitchen table while she lights a candle. The table is decorated with baskets of fruits and vegetables and ears of corn for Shantelle and her two brothers.

“This candle represents umoja, an African word that means being together,” Shantelle says. “That’s the most important thing for a family.”

Tonight is the first night of Kwanzaa, and Shantelle is spending the holiday with her family. More than 5 million African Americans celebrate Kwanzaa every year from December 26 until January I. It’s a time when they get together with their families to think about their history and their ancestors in Africa.

Kwanzaa is very unusual because it was started by one man. In 1966, an American named Maulana Karenga wanted a holiday for African-Americans to honor their culture and traditions. So he used words and customs from Africa to create a new celebration. He took the name Kwanzaa from the words for “first fruits” in Swahili, an African language. At first, a few American families had small celebrations at home. Now there are also Kwanzaa events in schools and public places, and Kwanzaa has spread to other countries like Canada and Jamaica.

The main symbol of Kwanzaa is a candleholder with seven candles, one for each of the principles of Kwanzaa. Each night, a family member lights one of the candles and talks about the idea it represents: being together, being yourself, helping each other, sharing, having a goal, creating, and believing. The candles are red, black, and green, the colors of Kwanzaa. The parents also pour drinks to honor family members who have died. On the last night of Kwanzaa, there is a big dinner with African food, and children receive small presents.

Today people can buy Kwanzaa greeting cards and special Kwanzaa clothes. Stores sell Kwanzaa candles and candleholders. Some people don’t believe that Kwanzaa is a real holiday, because it’s so new. But other people say that customs and celebrations are always changing and that Kwanzaa shows what is important in people’s lives .

Shantelle Davis says she likes Kwanzaa because it's fun. “But I also learn new things every year,” she says. 16

Kwanzaa is celebrated at the end of the year. [A] Right [B] Wrong

[C] Not mentioned 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：A 试题解析：

A 在第三段第二行我们可以发现：超过500万的非洲裔美国人每年从12月26日到1 月1日庆祝宽扎节。所以题干的表述（人们在年底庆祝宽扎节）是正确的，答案为A。 17

Kwanzaa is a holiday for African-Americans. [A] Right [B] Wrong

[C] Not mentioned 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：A 试题解析：

A 从第四段前四行所述的内容中我们可以发现：为了向自己的文化和传统致敬，1966年美国人马拉那·卡林加为非洲裔美国人创立了宽扎节。因此，题干的表述（宽扎节是为非洲裔美国人创立的节日）是正确的，答案为A。 18

Kwanzaa is a very old holiday. [A] Right [B] Wrong

[C] Not mentioned 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：B 试题解析：

B 在第二题中我们知道宽扎节创立于1966年，并且文中第六段第三行也提到：一些人认为宽扎节的历史并不久远。所以，从以上两点我们可以得出结论：题干的表述（宽扎节的历史非常悠久）是错误的，答案为B。 19

People in Africa celebrate Kwanzaa. [A] Right [B] Wrong

[C] Not mentioned 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：C 试题解析：

C 从整篇文章中我们知道宽扎节最初是为非洲裔美国人创立的，之后宽扎节的传统又流传到诸如加拿大、牙买加等其他国家（这一信息可以从第四段最后一行得到）。但是文中并未提及非洲人民是否也庆祝宽扎节，因此这一题的题干信息（非洲人民庆祝宽扎节）并没在文中给出，答案为C。 20

People spend a lot of time with their families during Kwanzaa. [A] Right [B] Wrong

[C] Not mentioned

选择答案： A B C

您的答案：正确答案：A 试题解析：

A 在第三段最后两行中，作者提到：这段时间里非洲裔美国人和家人待在一起缅怀历史和非洲的祖先。所以题干中的表述（宽扎节期间人民花很多时间和家人待在一起）是正确的，答案为A。 21

Children receive presents at the end of Kwanzaa. [A] Right [B] Wrong

[C] Not mentioned 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：A 试题解析：

A 在第五段最后两行中，作者提到：在宽扎节的最后一夜会有一顿非洲风味的大餐，并且孩子们会收到小礼物。所以，题干的表述（孩子们在宽扎节即将结束时收到礼物）是正确的，答案为A。 22

Everyone thinks Kwanzaa is an important holiday. [A] Right [B] Wrong

[C] Not mentioned 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：B 试题解析：

B 在第六段第二行末尾，作者提到：由于宽扎节的历史并不久远，一些人认为它并不是一个真正的节日。从这里我们可以看出题干的表述（每个人都认为宽扎节是一个重要的节日）不正确，故答案为B。

概括大意与完成句子(共8题，共8.0分)

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 How We Form First Impression

1 We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her —aside perhaps from a few

remarks or readily observable traits.

2 The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information—the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming “signals” are compared against a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals “mean”.

3 If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “familiar and safe”. If you see someone new, it says, “new - potentially threatening”. Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known” memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures, and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new. I don’t like this person”. Or else, “I’m intrigued”. Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures—like your other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person.” But these preliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong. 4 When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people—their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character—we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.

5 However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person's character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking—and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane. 23

Paragraph 2 __________

[A] Ways of Departure form Immature and Simplistic Impressions [B] Comment on First Impression [C] Illustration of First Impression

[D] Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against Memories [E] Threatening Aspect of First Impressions [F] Differences Among Jocks, Geeks and Freaks 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：D 试题解析：

D 本段叙述的是人脑解读感官信息的过程。 24

Paragraph 3 __________

[A] Ways of Departure form Immature and Simplistic Impressions [B] Comment on First Impression [C] Illustration of First Impression

[D] Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against Memories [E] Threatening Aspect of First Impressions

[F] Differences Among Jocks, Geeks and Freaks 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：C 试题解析：

C 本段举例说明第一印象解读的过程，将第二段叙述的内容具体化。 25

Paragraph 4 __________

[A] Ways of Departure form Immature and Simplistic Impressions [B] Comment on First Impression [C] Illustration of First Impression

[D] Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against Memories [E] Threatening Aspect of First Impressions [F] Differences Among Jocks, Geeks and Freaks 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：B 试题解析：

B 本段对第一印象进行了评论，说第一印象不成熟，simplistic and categorical。 26

Paragraph 5 __________

[A] Ways of Departure form Immature and Simplistic Impressions [B] Comment on First Impression [C] Illustration of First Impression

[D] Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against Memories [E] Threatening Aspect of First Impressions [F] Differences Among Jocks, Geeks and Freaks 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：A 试题解析：

A 本段说如果我们与某个人多接触，了解他的生活、希望、梦想和性格特征，我们就不会停留在第一印象的阶段，对该人的认识进入一个更深的层次。 27

Sensory information is one that is perceived through __________. [A] a stranger’s less mature type of thinking [B] the most complex areas of our cortex

[C] the immature form of thinking of a very young child

[D] the meaning of incoming sensory information [E] the sights and sounds of the world

[F] an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：E 试题解析：

E 选E的依据在第二段的第三句。 28

You interpret __________ by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain. [A] a stranger’s less mature type of thinking [B] the most complex areas of our cortex

[C] the immature form of thinking of a very young child [D] the meaning of incoming sensory information [E] the sights and sounds of the world

[F] an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：D 试题解析：

D 选D的依据在第二段的最后两句。sensory information的意思就是information perceived through sensory organs（视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉、嗅觉等）。 29

The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking, which is similar to __________. [A] a stranger’s less mature type of thinking [B] the most complex areas of our cortex

[C] the immature form of thinking of a very young child [D] the meaning of incoming sensory information [E] the sights and sounds of the world

[F] an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：C 试题解析：

C 选C的依据在第四段的第一句，该句是：When we stereotype people，we use a less mature form of thinking ( not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. 30

We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to __________. [A] a stranger’s less mature type of thinking [B] the most complex areas of our cortex

[C] the immature form of thinking of a very young child [D] the meaning of incoming sensory information [E] the sights and sounds of the world

[F] an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：B 试题解析：

B 选B的依据在第五段第二句。阅读理解(共15题，共45.0分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Seeing the World Centuries Ago

If you enjoy looking through travel books by such familiar authors as Arthur Frommer or Eugene Fodor, it will not surprise you to learn that travel writing has a long and venerable history. Almost from the earliest annals of recorded time individuals have found ready audiences for their accounts of journeys to strange and exotic locales.

One of the earliest travel writers, a Greek geographer and historian named Strabo, lived around the time of Christ. Though Strabo is known to have traveled from east of the Black Sea west to Italy and as far south as Ethiopia, he also used details gleaned from other writers to extend and enliven his accounts. His multivolumed work Geography provides the only surviving account of the cities, peoples, customs, and geographical peculiarities of the whole known world of his time. Two other classic travel writers, the Italian Marco Polo and the Moroccan Ibn Battutah, lived in roughly the same time period. Marco Polo traveled to China with his father and uncle in about A. D. 1275 and remained there 16 or 17 years, visiting several other countries during his travels. When Marco returned to Italy he dictated his memoirs, including stories he had heard from others, to a scribe, with the resulting book Il milione being an instant success. Though difficult to attest to the accuracy of all he says, Marco's book impelled Europeans to begin their great voyages of exploration.

Ibn Battutah’s interest in travel began on his required Muslim journey to Mecca in 1325, and during his lifetime he journeyed through all the countries where Islam held sway. His travel book the Rihlah is a personalized account of desert journeys, court intrigues, and even the effect of the Black Death in the various lands he visited. In almost 30 years of traveling it is estimated that Ibn Battutah covered more than 75, 000 miles. 31

This passage is mostly about________. [A] why people find travel writing exciting

[B] the literary style of three early travel writers

[C] where three early travel writers went and wrote about

[D] how to write a travel book 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：C 试题解析：

C 本题问的是：这篇文章主要讲了什么？A的意思是为什么人们觉得旅行写作令人激动。B的意思是三位早期旅行作家的文学风格。C的意思是三位早期旅行作家去过的地方以及他们的写作内容。D的意思是如何写一部旅行作品。根据本文内容，C选项最符合题意。因此C是正确的答案。 32

Ibn Battutah traveled________. [A] to China [B] to Ethiopia

[C] throughout the Muslim world [D] for 16 or 17 years 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：C 试题解析： C 本题问的是：Ibn Battutah到过哪里旅行？根据最后一段的第一句话：he journeyed through all the countries where Islam held sway，可知，他去过了所有穆斯林的国家。因此C是正确的答案。 33

The books of the three writers were popular because________. [A] they listed good places to stay

[B] they told of strange and exotic locales

[C] they explained the best routes to get to places [D] all of their stories were firsthand accounts 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：B 试题解析： B 本题问的是：三位作家的作品都很受欢迎，原因是什么？A的意思是他们列出了好的地方。B的意思是他们写出了陌生的外面的地方。C的意思是他们说明了去一些地方的最好路线。D的意思使他们的所有故事都是一手资料。根据第一段的最后一句话可知，旅行作品吸引读者的地方在于它描述了一个陌生的地方；因此，B是正确的答案。 34

The overall organization of this passage is through________.

[A] chronological order [B] spatial description

[C] travel writers' personal narratives [D] persuasive details 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：A 试题解析：

A 本题问的是：这篇文章的而整体布局是依照什么？本文主要依照时间顺序介绍了公元前后的三位作家，按时间先后顺序，因此A是正确的答案。 35

In this passage attest means to________. [A] give an examination to [B] draw a map of [C] tell lies to [D] give proof of 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：D 试题解析：

D 本题问的是：在这篇文章中attest是什么意思？attest出现在第三段的最后一句话，为的是表达马可所说的无法被证实是否都属实。A的意思是考察。B的意思是画一张地图。C的意思是说谎。D的意思是证实。因此D是正确的答案。 Human Ingenuity

Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.

As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision that highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.

But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we can’t yet give a robot enough ‘common

sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”

Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.

What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can’t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it. 36

Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in_______ . [A] the use of machines to produce science fiction

[B] the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry [C] the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work

[D] the elite’s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：C 试题解析：

C 细节题。答案在第一段第一句：自从开始发明创造以来，人们一直在设计越来越多的工具来应付危险的、枯燥乏味的、繁重的或是令人讨厌的工作。由此可知，C为正确答案。 37

The word “gizmos” (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means_______. [A] programs [B] experts [C] devices [D] creatures 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：C 试题解析：

C 语意题。文章第一段说：人类发明了各种工具, 利用各种机器为人类服务；第二段第一句说，“结果，当今世界出现了越来越多的智能化 gizmos”。由此可以推断，gizmos最有可能是机械工具一类的东西，因此，选项C应为正确答案。 38

According to the text, what is beyond man’s ability now is to design a robot that can_______ .

[A] fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery [B] interact with human beings verbally [C] have a little common sense

[D] respond independently to a changing world 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：D 试题解析：

D 细节题。答案在第三段最后一句：Dave Lavery 说，我们现在还没法设计出能有足够的常识去应付一个动态世界的机器人。D项：地应付一个不断变化的世界，符合此意。 39

Besides reducing human labor, robots can also_______. [A] make a few decisions for themselves

[B] deal with some errors with human intervention [C] improve factory environments [D] cultivate human creativity 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：B 试题解析：

B 细节题。还是引用第三段第二句Dave Lavery的话：我们知道怎样让机器人去应付一个具体的错误。接下来第五段第二句说：科学家已制造出的机器人能以不到一毫米的精确度识别机器面板上的误差。可见B 为正确答案。 40

The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are_______. [A] expected to copy human brain in internal structure [B] able to perceive abnormalities immediately

[C] far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information [D] best used in a controlled environment 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：C 试题解析：

C 作者观点态度题。作者在最后一段第二句开始向我们传达了这样一个信息：机器人、人工智能，虽然能为人类做很多工作，但与人的大脑智能、感知能力相比，还相差甚远。人类能在瞬间识别出猴子或可疑的面孔。所以，C：机器人就识别相关信息而言，比人脑差得多。 The Rising Oil Price

Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to

supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?

The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the dame time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.

Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.

Rich economics are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economics now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25%～0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oilimporting emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.

One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%. 41

The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is_______. [A] global inflation [B] reduction in supply [C] fast growth in economy [D] Iraq’s suspension of exports 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：B 试题解析：

B 细节题。由一段第二句可知：世界原油价格的上涨是因为OPEC决定减少供应。 42

It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if _______. [A] price of crude rises [B] commodity prices rise

[C] consumption rises [D] oil taxes rise 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：D 试题解析：

D 推断题。第三段第三句说：在欧洲，油税占了汽油零售价的五分之四。因此可推知，如果油税上涨，汽油的零售价也会随之上涨。 43

The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries_______. [A] heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive

[B] income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices [C] manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed [D] oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：D 试题解析：

D 细节题。第四段第一句说：经济发达国家对石油的依赖性比过去低，对油价的浮动也不怎么敏感。接着说：最近一期的经济瞭望杂志估计：和1998年的每桶13美元相比，如果油价持续一年在22美元左右的话，石油进口支出也只占了发达国家国内生产总值（GDP）的0.25%～0.5%。由此可知，油价的上涨对发达国家的GDP影响甚微。D项正确。 44

We can draw a conclusion from the text that_______. [A] oil-price shocks are less shocking now

[B] inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks

[C] energy conservation can keep down the oil prices

[D] the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：A 试题解析： A 推断题。第三段至第五段的内容表明，这次油价的上涨对全球经济影响不大，不会像1973年、1979年、1980年那样，引起全球恐慌。所以，A为正确答案。 45

From the text we can see that the writer seems_______. [A] optimistic [B] sensitive

[C] gloomy [D] scared 选择答案：

您的答案：正确答案：A 试题解析：

A 作者观点态度题。综观全文，结合上两题的分析，可以看出作者对这次油价上涨的影响力抱乐观的态度。

补全短文(共5题，共10.0分)

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Looking to the Future

When a magazine for high-school students asked its readers what life would be like in twenty years, they said: Machines would be run by solar power. Buildings would rotate so they could follow the sun to take maximum advantage of its light and heat. Walls would “radiate light” and “change color with the push of a button.” Food would be replaced by pills. School would be taught “by electrical impulse while we sleep.” Cars would have radar. Does this sound like the year 2000? Actually, (1)and the question was, “what will life be like in 1978?”

The future is much too important to simply guess about, the way the high school students did, so experts are regularly asked to predict accurately. By carefully studying the present skilled businessmen, scientists, and politicians are supposedly able to figure out in advance what will happen. But can they? One expert on cities wrote:(2), but would have space for farms and fields. People would travel to work in “airbuses”,large all-weather helicopters carrying up to 200 passengers. When a person left the airbus station he could drive a coin-operated car equipped with radar. The radar equipment of cars would make traffic accidents “almost unheard of” .Does that sound familiar? If the expert had been accurate it would, because he was writing in 1957.His subject was “The city of 1982.”

If the professionals sometimes sound like high-school students, it’s probably because(3). But economic forecasting, or predicting what the economy will do, has been around for a long time. It should be accurate, and generally it is. But there have been some big mistakes in this field, too. In early 1929,most forecasters saw an excellent future for the stock market. In October of that year, (4) , ruining thousands of investors who had put their faith in financial foreseers.

One forecaster knew that predictions about the future would always be subject to significant errors. In 1957,H.J. Rand of the Rand Corporation was asked about the year 2000, “Only one thing is certain,” he answered. “Children born today (5) .” 46

[A] the stock market had its worst losses ever [B] will have reached the age of 43 [C] the article was written in 1958