高考总复习：表语从句及同位语从句
真题再现
1. （2015安徽高考）A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built for.
A. what B. whom C. why D. when
2. （2016 高考北京卷）The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust. A．what B．that C．whether D．why
3. （2016 高考天津卷） The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant．There is too much work to do.
A．whether B．that C．which D．what
4. Modern science has given clear evidence ____________smoking can lead to many diseases. A. what A. that
B. which B. when
C. that C. where
D. where
5. I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is______ her never finishes anything.
D. why
6. I’d like to start my own business—that’s ________ I’d do if I had the money. A. why B. when C. which D. what 7. —I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. —That’s _______ I don’t agree. You should have a more active life. A. where B. how C. when D. what
8. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ______ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. what B. that
C. why D. whether
1. A。分析句子结构可知，从句在be动词后，为表语从句，并且表语从句缺介词for的宾语，填入连接代词what。
2. B。句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用that，that只起引导作用，故选B。 3. B。句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手，有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句 说明suggestion的内容，而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的，用that引导，that不做成分，只起连接作用。
4. C。题意：抽烟会导致多种疾病，对此现代科学已经给出了明确的证据。本题考查同位语从句。evidence后的从句说明的是其具体内容，从句中不缺少句子成分，故用that引导同位语从句。 其他三项引导同位语从句都要在从句中作成分。
5. D。本题考查表语从句的连接词。句意：我觉得与其说他是个实干家不如说他是个空谈家，这就是为什么他从来不会完成任何事情的原因。分析句子结构可知，which引导非性定语从句，which指代前面的整个句子he’s more of a talker than a doer；在定语从句中，is后面为表语从句，由句意可知which指代的内容是表语从句内容的原因，故用why引导表语从句。
6. D。分析句子结构，that’s后面所带从句为表语从句；再看从句中do为及物动词，需要填入宾语，故填入连接代词what。
7. A。“这就是我不同意的地方。”agree是不及物动词，所以用where引导表语从句。 8. B。从句不缺成分，因此用that来引导。句意：狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说《大卫·科波菲尔》的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。 知识讲解
表语从句的连接词判断
表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语，说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。
连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, as, as if, as though, because也可引导表语从句。
One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles.(2016 高考新课标丙卷) This is how you can do it. (2016 高考新课标丙卷) The scissors are not what I need.
【高清课堂链接点：表语从句 高清ID：396513 】 表语从句一般位于连系动词（如be，seem，remain等后）。 The fact is that she never liked him.
My point is that you have to face the problem.
The question is whether we should accept their invitation. The city is no longer what it used to be. That’s where the battle took place.
The question is who’s responsible for what has happened. The reason why he was absent was that he was ill.
as if引导的表语从句有时可用虚拟语气，表示可能性小。 He acted as if he hadn’t eaten for a long time. It looks as if it is going to rain.
表示建议、命令、要求一类的表语从句要用虚拟语气。 My suggestion is that you should practice reading English every day. The order is that you stay where you are. His request is that his brother play with him.
The requirement is that you should not smoke in that school.
表语从句重点句型
“That is why...”是常用句型， 意为“这就是……的原因”，其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结。 That is why I came.
That's why he got angry with me. （That's why…强调结果） because引导的表语从句强调原因。
That's because he didn't understand me.（That's because…强调原因）
what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。
The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me.
What I told him yesterday was that he had been promoted as the manager of the pany.
同位语从句的连接词
当名词后面所接的从句表示与名词同位并为名词的实际内容时，这个从句就是同位语从句。
The news that China will host the 2022 Olympic Winter Games excites us all. 同位语中应注意：
1. 高中所学能带同位语从句的名词不多，常见的有：answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, proof, proposal, question, report, risk, rumor, story, suggestion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word等。 He sent us a message that he won’t e next week. There is no doubt that he is fit for this job.
2. 表示“命令、建议、要求” advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, remendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish 等名词的同位语，须用虚拟语气。
Soon came the order that all the people should obey the rules.
同位语从句常用句型 The news es that... Word es that... The story goes that... Here is the fact that...
I have no idea what / when / how / where...
We are faced with the problem that/ whether/ when/ how... We still hold the belief that... There is little hope that... Is there any possibility that...?
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征。同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。
The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year语从句，that只起连接作用，不做成分）
（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
引导名词性从句的that和what的区别
（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语；第二个that引导的从句 是表
that 引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义，只起连接作
用, 且在宾语从句中有时可省略；而what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。
That he said so made us angry.
What he said at the meeting made us angry. China is no longer what it used to be.
名词性从句的解题规律
四种名词性从句都需要有一个连接性词在从句的开头。这个词是什么性质，要看它在从句中所作的成分，如果作的是主语、宾语、表语的话，这个词就是连接代词；如果作的是各种状语，就叫连接副词；如果不作任何成分，就叫连接词。 连接词：that, if, whether
连接代词：who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever 连接副词：when, where, how, why 解题步骤：
1. 根据选项特点、句子结构判断从句类型；
2. 分析从句结构是否完整，成分残缺，选连接代词；成分完整，选连接副词。 从句事实确定→ that; 不确定→ whether/ if 强调时间→ when/ whenever
强调程度修饰a./ adv → how/ however 强调地点→ where/ wherever 强调原因→ why 从句缺定语→what/ whose 物→ what
人→ who/ whom/ whoever/ whomever 有指定范围→ which/ whichever
缺宾语时，若表示“来自于何处？” → where
