虚拟语气、倒装

英语虚拟语气

虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握： 虚拟条件句。名词性虚拟语气。 虚拟语气的其他用语。

一、虚拟条件句：条件句中表虚拟， 时态后退是真理

1、条件从句与现在事实不一致 如：

If I were you, I would study hard. If it rained, I would not be here now.

2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，如：

If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.

If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.

3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：虚拟将来有偏方，were to/ should 来帮忙

If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.

If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.

注意： If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。 在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如： Were/ had/should到句首，条件句中if走

Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.

Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.

Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

二、名词性虚拟语气：虚拟用在名从中，should do 结构要记清；一个坚持insist两命令order, command， 三个建议suggest, advise, propose四要求demand, require, ask, desire；

句型：（should）＋动词原形，注意：在这种句子中绝不出现“would” “must” “could”等。如：

Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 o’clock. The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.

We suggested that the meeting should not be held.

That is their demand that their wages be increased.

It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.

三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：

1、wish后的宾语从句： Wish之后有宾从，虚拟时态退一层

I wish I were you. I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.

I wish I met you tomorrow at the party.

2、It’s time句型：It’s high time that sb did sth. 此种形式要记清

It’s time that you went to school. 或 It’s time that you should go to school.

3、If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish” As if / if only/ would rather ,时态也要退一层

If only he could come! If only I had known the answer!。

4、would rather, as if（though）引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：

I’d rather you posted the letter right away. I’d rather you had returned the book yesterday.

She loves the children as if they were hers. Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.

5、without, but, but for, otherwise 要不是没有就缺乏，要不然否则就假设

Without you, I would never know him. But that she was afraid, she would have

said no.

But for your cooperation, we wouldn’t have done the work so well.

I would be most glad to help you, but I’ am busy now.

I would have come to the party yesterday, but I was working.

I am busy now, otherwise I would do you the favor!

Exercise

1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English ___much easier.

A. will be b. would have been C. could have been D. would be

2. The guard at the gate insisted that every body ___the rules.

A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey

3. “The experiment had failed!” “I suggest you ___again.”

A. try B. trying C. will try D. would try

4. If she had worked harder, she ___.

A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeeded

5. I wish I ___you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see

6. Without electricity human life ___quite different today.

A. is B. will be C. would have be end d. would be

7. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ___, she would have met my brother.

A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come

8. When a pencil is put in a glass of water . It looks as if it ___.

A. breaks B. had broken C. were broken D. had been broken

9. John went to the hospital alone.

If he ___ me about it, I would have gone with him.

A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told

10. Has he lived up to his promise, he would have made it to Yale University.

11. Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention ___（讨论）at the meeting.

12. The weather has been very hot and dry.

Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! and my vegetables ___.

A. wouldn’t die B. didn’t die C. hadn’t died D. wouldn’t have died

13. Teachers recommend parents ___ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.

A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow

14. On my desk is a photo that my father took of ___(him, his, me, mine) when I was a baby.

15.(2011) I ___ through that bitter period without your generous help.

A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone

16. Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.

I wish they ___ always late.

A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been

17. We ___ John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.

A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put

17. ___ Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.

___ I ___ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.

A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended

When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person's physical fitness.

Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.

Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large

number of passengers.

英语倒装句

倒装句的类型

1. 完全倒装: 整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装.

Then came Mary and George. Have you any books on that subject?

2. 部分倒装:只把助动词,系动词或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装.

Has he gone to school? Is he your classmate? Can you finish the work in three days?

倒装句的用法

1用在疑问句中 注: Who was your geography teacher in Grade One?

Do you have a physiology class on Tuesday afternoon? Why are you so angry with him?

2 用在 “There be “结构中

There are different forms of energy. There stands a high building by the river.

3 用在以here , there , now , then 等副词开头的句子中, here and there强调地点,用来引起人们的注意,. 除then 开头的句子用过去时以外,其余均用一般现在时. 主语是代词就不倒装.

Here is a letter for you. There comes the bus. Now comes my turn.

Here you are. There he comes!

4 用在省略了if 的虚拟条件句中(把 were, had 或should移至主语前)

Were I ( If I were) in your place, I wouldn’t give it up so early.

Had I ( If I had ) know, I might have joined you in the discussion.

Should you (If you should) be interested, I have a book on the subject you might like to see.

5 用在一些表示祝愿的句子中

Long live the friendship among the Asian peoples and sportsmen! Long live the king!

6 直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时,引述动词和他的主语有时倒装

“ You have made great progress this term.” Said our teacher.

“ Mr Crossett,” said my father. “ will you permit an old pupil to shake hands with you?”

引述动词的主语是代词,或谓语较厂,或引述动词后还带间接宾语时, 一般不用倒装句

“ What is your opinion?” I said. “My father is a labour hero.” Xiao Wang told me.

“ Why did you join the Red Army? “ Chairman Mao asked me like a school teacher questioning a pupil.

7 用在以so开头,表示谓语所述情况也适用于另一个人或另一事物的肯定句,表示”也一样” . 也这样”. 其句形为”So + be, have ,情态动词或助动词+ 主语”

He saw it , and so did I. They can swim now, so can we.

注: 如只是重复不表示另一个主体,不用倒装句 It was hot yesterday. So it was.

8 用在以neither, nor, no more 开头的句子中,表示” ---也不这样” 其句形为”neither, nor no more + be , have ,情态动词或助动词+ 主语”

The first one wasn’t good and neither was the second.

He doesn’t care much for sweets. No more do I .

为了加强语气而使用的倒装

1 never, hardly, scarcely, not only, nor , seldom, little, rarely, nowhere, by no means, not until, hardly (scarcely)--- when, no sooner---than等否定副词开头的句子中.

Never before have I met him. Hardly did I think it possible.

Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but we should try our best to overcome them.

Not until midnight did it stop raining. By no means will this method be satisfactory.

No sooner had they got to the plant than they started to work.

2 often, always, once, many a time, now and again, every other day, every two hours 等, 方式状语thus 及程度状语so等; 地点状语in the distance, in front of 等开头的句子中,常用倒装.

Often had I intended to speak of it. Many a time has he helped me with my experiment.

So busy is he that he had no time to spare.

3 in, out , down, up, back, over, away, off之类的做状语副词放句首,

In came the teacher and the lesson began. Off went the horses.

Down came the hammer and out flew the sparks. In he came and the lesson began.

4 “Only +状语+部分倒装”

Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.

Only in this way can we learn maths well.

不放在句首不倒装, 不是状语是主语不倒装.

The aim was achieved only after a bitter struggle. Only the teachers are allowed to use this room.

5 用在强调表语的句子中

Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.

Great has been our achievements since liberation.

如果主语是代词,而代词又无较长的修饰语修饰时,则仅把表语提前,系动词不提到主语前.

Terribly hot it certainly was. A very reliable person he is .

6 用在某些让步状语从句中

Tired as he was, he went on working. Cold as it was, we went out.

Child as she is , she knows a great deal.

历年高考倒装句真题

1. So much of interest _____that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.

A．offers Beijing B．Beijing offers C．does Beijing offer D．Beijing does offer

2. Bill wasn‘t happy about the delay of the report by Jason， and _________．

A．I was neither B．neither was I C．I was either D．either was I

3. ______ you eat the correct foods ______ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.

A. Only if； will you B. Only if； you will C. Unless； will you D. Unless； you will

4. It was announced that only when the fire was under control ___ to return to their homes.

A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permitted

C. would the residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted

5. — How was the televised debate last night？ — Super！ Rarely ____ so much media attention.

A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate

6. Little ___ that we were watching his every move， so he seemed to be going his own way in this business. A. he realized B. be didn‘t realize C. didn’t he realize D. did he realize

7. ____ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.

A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business

C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business

8. —Did Linda see the traffic accident？ —No， no sooner ______ than it happened.

A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone

9. Just in front of our house ___ with a history of 1，000 years.

A. does a tall tree stand B. stands a tall tree C. a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree stands

10. ——It‘s burning hot today， isn’t it？ ——Yes. ________yesterday.

A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it

11. So difficult ___ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.

A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found

12. —I reminded you not to forget the appointment. —— .

A. So you did B. So I do not C. So did you D. So do I

13. At the foot of the mountain _______.

A. a village lie B. lies a village C. does a village lie D. lying a village

14. I‘ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _____with my progress.

A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied

C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied

15. They have a good knowledge of English but little _______they know about German.

A. have B. did C. had D. do

16. Never before _______ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.

A. has this city been B. this city has been C. was this city D. this city was

17. ______ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.

A. so curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple

C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious

18. —Father ，you promised！ —Well，____ .But it was you who didn‘t keep your word first.

A．so was I B．so did I C．so I was D．so I did

19. －I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible！ －______.

A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I

20. ______ snacks and drinks， but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. A. Not only they brought B. Not

only did they bring

C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring

21. Maybe you have been to many countries， but nowhere else______ such a beautiful palace.

A. can you find B. you could find C. you can find D. could you find

22. Of the making of good books there is no end； neither______ any end to their influence on man‘s lives. A. there is B. there are C. is there D. are there

23. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ___ with each other.

A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled

24. Only when your identity has been checked. ____ . A. you are allowed in

B. you will be allowed in C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in

25. Since you have repaired my TV set， ___ is no need for me to buy a new one.

A. it B. there C. this D. that

26. What would have happened________， as far as the river bank？

A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther

C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther

27. ______can you expect to get a pay rise. A．With hard work

B．Although work hard C．Only with hard work D．Now that he works hard

28. Little _______ about her own safety， though she was in great danger herself.

A. did Rose care B. Rose did care C. Rose does care D. does Rose care

The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

Accept recover recognize result in/ lead to complete according to pay attention to be used to do /doing used to do assume