专八阅读真题

PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)

In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.

TEXT A

Still, the image of any city has a half-life of many years. (So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali. Conversing in English, I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.) To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors—but the hand-pulled rickshaw. Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa. For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on the ground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see “one man sweating and straining to pull another man.” But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaws on a modern city’s traffic and, particularly, on its image. “Westerners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,” the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, said in a press conference in 2006. “Our city stands for prosperity and development.” The chief minister—the equivalent of a state governor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.

Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. (Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman for the evening.) It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. (One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of live chickens—tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the axle. By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.) The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren. Middle-class families contract with a

puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.

From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesn’t need torrential rain to begin backing up. Residents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata “if a stray cat pees, there’s a flood.” During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers’ waists. When it’s raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, “When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.” While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India’s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.

There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. “I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,” he said, “but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.” Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.

When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head—a gesture I interpreted to mean, “If you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.” Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they don’t

have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything—or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. “The government was the government of the poor people,” one sardar told me. “Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.”

But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, “has difficulty letting go.” One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.

“Which option has been chosen?” I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.

“That hasn’t been decided,” he said. “When will it be decided?” “That hasn’t been decided,” he said.

11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the

following EXCEPT

A. taking foreign tourists around the city. B. providing transport to school children. C. carrying store supplies and purchases D. carrying people over short distances.

12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from

Bihar

A. They come from a relatively poor area. B. They are provided with decent accommodation. C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata. D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.

13. That “For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a

living in Bihar” (4 paragraph) means that even so,

A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar. B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home. C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar. D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.

14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware people

A. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws. B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.

C. call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers. D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.

15. Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor?

A. “…not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.” (2

paragraph) B. “…,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.” (4

paragraph) C. Kolkata, a resident told me, “ has difficulty letting go.” (7 paragraph). D.“…or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but

umbrellas.” (6 paragraph) 16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage

seems to suggest

A. the uncertainty of the court’s decision. B. the inefficiency of the municipal government. C. the difficulty of finding a good solution. D. the slowness in processing options.

TEXT B

Depending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to customer-loyalty experts).

The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.

Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy \"élite\" security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway.

At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I

haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.

Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada--get this--\"we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else.\" Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay \"waiters\" or \"placeholders\" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores.

Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.

As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants \"to cut in line ahead of millions of people.\"

Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents. But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood. How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called BoardFirst.com will secure you a coveted \"A\" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.

Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.

And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do--unhappily.

For those of us in the latter group-- consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too

poor or proper to pay a placeholder --what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: \"We wait. We are bored.\"

17. What does the following sentence mean? “Once the most democratic of

institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers…Poor suckers, mostly.” (2 paragraph)

A. Lines are symbolic of America’s democracy B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities. C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only. D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.

18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?

A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport. B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks. C. First-class passenger status at airports. D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.

19. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and

Congressmen)

A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people. B. advocate the value of waiting in lines. C. believe in and practice waiting in lines. D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good. 20. What is the tone of the passage?

A. Instructive. B. Humorous. C. Serious. D. Teasing.

TEXT C

A bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the café of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned. Bbylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand llights and acres

of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress( five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.

It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were al there. It seemed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, whre an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: “ For one, sir? This way, please,” Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.

21. That “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel” suggests that

A. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance. B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café.. C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials. D. the café was based on physical foundations and real economic strength. 22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPT

A. “…turned Babylonian”. B. “perhaps a new barbarism’. C. “acres of white napery”. D. “balanced to the last halfpenny”.

23. In its context the statement that “ the place was built for him” means that the café was intended to

A. please simple people in a simple way.

B. exploit gullible people like him. C. satisfy a demand that already existed. D. provide relaxation for tired young men.

24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?

A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously. B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth.

C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside. D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.

25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT that

A. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station. B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.

C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier. D. the interior of the café is compared to warm countries. 26. The author’s attitude to the café is

A. fundamentally critical. B. slightly admiring. C. quite undecided. D. completely neutral.

TEXT D

I Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe’s last pristine wilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about. But the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab-itants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the “Mona Lisa.”

When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of some-thing like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world’s richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life

expectancy. But the proj-ect’s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country’s century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one’s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.

Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions—the remote and sparsely populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies, and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. “Smelter or death.” The contract with Alcoa would infuse the re-gion with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diversify an economy historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.

“We have to live,” Halldór Ásgrímsson said in his sad, sonorous voice. Halldór, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project. “We have a right to live.

27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something of

A. environmental value. B. commercial value. C. potential value for tourism. D. great value for livelihood.

28. What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates’ feeling towards the Alcoa project?

A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project. B. The project would lower life expectancy. C. The project would cause environmental problems. D. The project symbolizes and end to the colonial legacies.

29. The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPT

A. fewer fishing companies. B. fewer jobs available. C. migration of young people. D. impostion of fishing quotas. 30. The 4 paragraph in the passage

A. sums up the main points of the passage. B. starts to discuss an entirely new point. C. elaborates on the last part of the 3 paragraph. D. continues to depict the bleak economic situation.

PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)

There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to

each question. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO. 31. Which of the following statements in INCORRECT?

A. The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215. B. The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.

C. The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law. D. The British constitution includes one single written constitution. 32. The first city ever founded in Canada is

A. Quebec. B. Vancouver. C. Toronto. D. Montreal.

33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being?

A. 1770. B. 1788. C. 1900. D. 1901.

34. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the

South of the U.S. was issued by

A. Abraham Lincoln. B. Thomas Paine.

C. George Washington. D. Thomas Jefferson.

35. ________ is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems..

A. Will Blake B. W.B. Yeats C. Robert Browning D. William Wordsworth 36. The Financier is written by

A. Mark Twain. B. Henry James. C. William Faulkner. D. Theodore Dreiser.

37. In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as

A. allegory. B. sonnet. C. blank verse. D. rhyme.

38. ________ refers to the learning and development of a language.

A. Language acquisition B. Language comprehension C. Language production D. Language instruction

39. The word “ Motel” comes from “motor + hotel”. This is an example of

________ in morphology.

A. backformation B. conversion C. blending D. acronym

40. Language is t tool of communication. The symbol “ Highway Closed” on a

highway serves

A. an expressive function. B. an informative function.

C. a performative function. D. a persuasive function.

Part IV

Proofreading & Error Correction (15 min)

The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: For a wrong word, For a missing word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.

mark the position of the missing word with a \"∧\" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For a unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash \"/\" and put the

word in the blank provided at the end of the line. EXAMPLE

When ∧ art museum wants a new exhibit, it never ╱buys things in finished form and hangs them on the wall. When a natural history

museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it. 1________an 2________never 3________exhibit

So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect

as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be well

1

equipped as any other to say the things their speakers want to say.

2

There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are

3

equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass. Whereas this is not the fault of their language. The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language

(one of those sometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more precise and subtle than English. This example does not come to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar environments. The English language will be just as rich in terms for similar kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinction as important.

Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos' life. For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture. But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence ?

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

PART II READING COMPREHENSION 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.D 20.B 21. A 22.B 23. B 24.B 25. C 26.A 27.D 28.D 29.A 30.C

31. Which of the following is INCORRECT

答案D：The British Constituiton includes one single written constitution

答题技巧：首先注意题干INCORRECT, 根据常识判断英国为不成文；故本题选择D，其他选项更为细节，直接忽略跳过。 常识背景：

不成文是指不具有统一法典形式，而散见于多种法律文书，判例和惯例的。不成文的最显著特征在于，虽然各种法律文件并未冠以之名，却发挥着的作用。英国是典型的不成文国家。 英国是不成文法国家，没有典，但不是没有。英国是不成文的。而犯罪人进监狱并不是依据，而是依据刑法。英国刑法也是不成文的，英国是判例法国家，先前的判例对于定罪量刑作用相当大。英国还有陪审团，定罪方面由12人的陪审团根据具体案件过程来决定，一旦定罪，法官根据先例和经验来量刑。

32. The first city ever founded in Canada is

答案A：Quebec

答题说明：这个题目其实比较偏，笔者本人也是通过google 才知道答案。这里需要说明的是，人文知识完全靠平时点滴积累，考前强化背诵是没有意义的。我们不要指望人文知识考满分，因为出题者每次总会故意出一两道偏题。我们只要追求80%正确就不错了。以80分为目标，而不是100分。另外80分到100分拿到的证书都是一样的专八“优秀”。

关于本题的历史文化背景太复杂，在本文结束后会以附件形式发布出来。 33. When did the Austrlian Federation officially come into being? 〈鸢窪：1901

答题说明：本题为英语国家概况基本常识题

34. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the plantation slavery in the south of US was issued by

答案A：Abraham Lincoln

答题说明：本题为美国历史常识题，林肯发布黑奴宣言 35．Who was best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems? 答案C：Robert Browning

答题说明：本题为文学常识题 文化背景：罗伯特·勃朗宁（Robert Browning)（1812-18），维多利亚时期代表诗人之一。主要作品有《戏剧抒情诗》、《剧中人物》、《指环与书》等。与丁尼生齐名，是维多利亚时代两大诗人之一。他以精细入微的心理探索而独步诗坛，对⒚?0世纪诗歌产生了重要影响。朗宁对英国诗歌的最大贡献，是发展和完善了戏剧独白诗（Dramaticmonologue）这样一种独特的诗歌形式，并且用它鲜明而生动地塑造了各种不同类型的人物性格，深刻而复杂地展示了人的内在心理。 36. The Financier was written by 答案D：Theodore Dreiser

答题说明：本题为文学常识题 人文背景：西奥多·德莱塞（Theodore Dreiser，1871～1945），美国小说家。生于印第安纳州特雷霍特镇。父亲是贫苦的德国移民。他在公立学校接受了早期教育，以后进印第安纳大学学习。一生的大部分时间从事新闻工作。走遍芝加哥、匹兹堡、纽约等大城市，广泛深入地观察了解社会，为日后的文学创作积累了丰富的素材。代表作：《嘉莉妹妹》、《金融家》、《美国悲剧》等

37. In literature a strory in verse or prose with a double meaning is difined as 答案A：Allegory

答题说明：即使你不认识选项A，也可以通过排除法排除B. sonnet, C. blank verse, D. rhyme. 因为BCD涉及的主要是形式或音韵，不涉及内容和意义。 38．… refers to the learning and development of a language 答案A：language acqisition

答题说明：本题为语言学常识题。

背景知识：语言习得最基本的定义，其余选项一看就不符合题干内容。 39. The word “motel” comes from “motor – hotel”. This is an example of “…” in morphology.

答案C：blending 答题说明：本题为语言学分支形态学最基本常识，也是比较活跃的一种构词方式

背景知识：A 逆生法；B 转类法；C拼缀法；D 首字母构词

40．Language is tool of communication, the sybol “highway closed” serves 答案B： informative function

答题说明：语言学基本常识；认识选项单词都不会选错答案 Part IV Proofreading & Error Correction

1 be后插入 as; 2 their改为its; 3 There改为It; 4 Whereas改为But 5 further 改为much

6 come改为bring; 7 similar改为different; 8 will改为would; 9 as important去掉as; 10 the part去掉the