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翻译学生资料

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英语四级翻译课资料

一、 题型介绍

大学英语四级考试的最后一个阶段是翻译。翻译部分为汉译英,共5个句子,一句一题,句长为15—30词。句中的一部分已用英文给出,要求考生根据全句意思将汉语部分译成英语,约3到8个单词。考试时间5分钟。翻译须符合英语的语法结构和表达习惯,要求用词准确。该部分主要考核学生运用正确的词汇和语法结构并按英语习惯表达思想的能力。因此,要求学生在平时学习和四级复习中熟练掌握四级大纲规定的词汇、词组和语法知识,熟悉各种句子结构,并且能够活学活用。

二、评分原则及标准

1. 整体内容和语言均正确,得1分。

2. 结构正确,但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当,得0.5分。 3. 整体意思正确但语言有错误,得0.5分。

4. 整体意思完全错误,即使结构正确也不得分。 5. 大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。

三、解题方法:

第一步:首先快速浏览句子,先看英语不看汉语,从而判断划线处所填句子的形式、时态。

所谓形式包括:1.词组固定搭配(不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子等)2.虚拟3.被

动。

所谓时态是指:根据前后已经给出的英语句子判断所填英语句子的时态。

第二步:看括号里面的汉语句子,以核心谓语动词为切入点,找准主谓宾、分清定状补。

第三步:先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补,切块对应翻译,重新组合。动词注意时态,名词注意单复数。

真题详解:

1.Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to ____________________________ (适应不同文化中的生活).[06.12]

2.Since my childhood I have found that ______________ (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).

3.The victim ____________________________ (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.

四、历年考点重点 四级的试卷(共10套试卷,2006.12-2010.12) o6年6月,91题 o6年12月,90题 常考知识点 概率(出现次数) 从句 让步状语从句 宾语从句 9次,90% 1

o7年6月,88题 o7年6月,91题 o7年12月,题 o8年6月,90题 o8年12月,87题 o8年12月,88题 o9年6月,90题 o9年12月,题 2010年12月,90题 o6年6月,题 o6年12月,题 o8年6月,88题 o8年12月,题 o9年6月,88题 o9年12月,87题 2010年6月,90题 2010年12月,91题 o7年6月, o8年6月,87题 o8年12月,90题 o9年6月,87题 o9年6月,题 定语从句或表语从句 if 引导的条件状语从句 让步状语从句 定语从句注:主从一致原则,时态连带考察 定语从句 名词性从句 名词性从句 翻译部分的从句前,必须要加连接词before 名词性从句 虚拟语气 require 后接的从句为虚拟语气 would(could) +have done,表虚拟语气 虚拟语气:表示肯定推测,用must in case/lest后的从句要用虚拟语气 If表推测时的从句,用虚拟语气 虚拟语气would(could) have done suggest的从句一般为虚拟语气 request引导的从句应用虚拟语气 固定用法 固定用法:decide to do,决定做某事 固定用法:be applied to, 用于…… 固定用法:decide to/make a decision to… 固定用法:have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth 固定用法:be likely to do sth…… 7次,70% 8次,80% 2

o9年6月,91题 o9年12月,88题 o9年12月,90题 2010年6月,87题 2010年12月,88题 o6年6月,90题 o6年12月,88题 o7年12月,88题 o7年12月,90题 o9年12月,91题 o6年6月,87题 o6年12月,87题 o8年6月,题 o9年12月,91题 固定用法:be related to,与……相关 固定用法:give up doing sth/sth,放弃…… 固定用法:keep pace with……,与……保持同步 固定用法:have difficulty (in) doing sth 固定用法:be said to do ,据说…… 比较级 比较级,固定句型:the more……the more…… 比较级结构的句型:nothing is +比较级than…… 4次,40% 副词的比较级,more easily,比……更 比较级:more convenient the+比较级,the +比较级,越……越…… 固定句型 固定句型:have trouble in doing sth 固定句型:adapt (oneself) to +名词/动名词 固定句型:no matter what/whatever……,不管 固定用法:be related to,与……相关 固定短语 4次,40% o6年12月,91题 o7年6月,87题 o7年12月,87 固定短语:at a speed/rate of 固定短语:take…into/account(consideration),把…考虑在内 固定短语:thanks to,多亏了…… 3次,30% o8年6月,91题 2010年6月,88题 倒装句 not untill置于句首表强调,主句要倒装 固定句型:neither(否定词位于句首)+倒装句 不定式 2次,20% 2次,20% 3

o6年6月,88题 2010年12月,87题 不定式和不定式短语作目的状语:in order to 不定式作目的状语,to……,为了…… 词汇 o7年6月,91题 convenient 07年12月,91题 despite作介词的用法 2010年6月,91 2次,20% (五)、重点考点讲解

一、虚拟语气

考生应该注意以下几种虚拟语气的形式: 第一种:由 “ if ”引导的虚拟句子

(1)与现在的事实相反:(If ... + were/did...,...+ would do...) If I were you, I would marry him. 如果我是你,就会嫁给他。

(2)与过去的事实相反:(If ... + had done..., ... +would have done...)

If you had worked hard, you would have passed the exam. 如果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。 (3)与将来的事实可能相反:(If ...+ should do...,...+ would do...)

If it should rain tomorrow, what would you do? 如果明天下雨,你怎么办? 练习:

1. If you had___________________________________ ( 听从了我的劝告,你就不会陷入麻烦)

2. The victim ___________________ (本来有机会活下来 ) if he had been taken to hospital in time .

3. Some women _________________________________(本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sale of the family.

4. If he had known this would happen, _________________________(他当初也许会以不同方式行事).

第二种:用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中 从句谓语形式为:“...(should ) + do sth.”(should常省去)。 例如:The doctor advised that he (should) change his job.

They recommend that this tax(should)be abolished. 他们建议取消这种税。 类似用法的动词有: insist(坚持),suggest(建议),order(命令),propose(建议),demand(要求),command (命令),advise(建议),desire(要求、请求),request(请求),require(需要、要求),ask(要求),prefer(宁愿),recommend(推荐),arrange(安排),advocate(拥护、提倡),maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。 练习:

1. I suggested he __________________________________ (使自己适应) his new conditions.

2. I ______________ (坚持要他留下).

3. After the terrorist attack, tourists ______ ______________ (被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游).

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第三种:用在“It + be + important (necessary, natural, essential, strange, absurd, amazing, annoying, desirable,

surprising, vital, advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, imperative, eager, fitting, possible, impossible, improper, obligatory, probable, preferable, strange, urgent等,以及insisted, suggested, ordered, requested, arranged, recommended等) + that ...”结构中的that 引导的主语从句中。 句子结构:It + be + adj. + that + sb. + (should)+动词原型

例句:It is vital that we (should) be present. 我们的出席是至关重要的。

It is important that this mission (should) not fail. 这项使命不失败至关重要。 练习:

1. It was essential that ___________________________________________(我们在月底前签订合同).

2. It is strange that ________________________________________(竟然这么多人失业).

二、倒装语序

倒装语序可分为完全倒装和部分倒装,完全倒装是指句中的谓语动词都提前的情况,部分倒装则是指部分谓语动词即助动词提前的情况。 例如:There comes a bus.

In came a man with a white beard.

Not only did he speak more correctly, but he also spoke more easily.

由于四级翻译中多考查部分倒装,所以我们的讲解重点为部分倒装。 第一种:当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装,如不在句首或虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序。 例如: Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.

只有当你获得足够的数据时,你才能得出正确的结论。

Only in this way can we catch up with the world’s advanced levels in science and technology. 只有这样我们才能赶上世界的先进科学技术水平。

其他如:only then, only once, only in America\\China, only after the accident等。 练习:

1. Only after I slapped him on the back _________________________(他才发现我并高兴得叫起来).

2. Only in the small town _______ _________________________(她才感到安全和放松) .

第二种:never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。

这类词或词组常用的有:never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,not until,by no means,under no circumstances,under no condition,in no way(决不) ,in no case(决不),neither (nor),no sooner (than),hardly (when),barely(仅仅,几乎不),on no account,in no circumstances(决不),not a bit,nowhere,not only,but also等。

例如: Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also a poet. 丘吉尔不仅是一位政治家,还是一位诗人。

Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense. 我从未听到过这种胡说!

练习:

1._________________________________________________(他刚到家)when it started raining.

2. The witness was told that under no circumstances______________________.(他都不应该对法庭说谎)

第三种:为避免句子内容不必要的重复,用so, neither, nor引导的倒装。 例如:One of my friends can speak three foreign languages; so can his wife. 练习:

1. Every mother is proud of her child and _____________________________________(父亲也一样).

2. If you won't agree to our plan, ___________________________________( 他们也不会同意 ).

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三、常用句型

第一种:the more, the more结构。 此句型为 the+比较级…, the +比较级,表示越…,就越…。 例句:The higher the ground is, the thinner the air becomes.离地面越高,空气就越稀薄。

The harder he worked, the more he got. 练习:

1. The more you explain, _________________________________________(我愈糊涂).

第二种:强调句

结构:It is/was +被强调部分+that/who 对于这个结构,需要注意以下几点:

(1)被强调部分主要是主语、宾语、宾补和状语,不能强调表语;强调句也可用来强调特殊疑问句中的疑问词。

(2)除了is,was外,be还可以采用其他形式。

(3)被强调部分如果是人或物,that可用who/whom/which替代:被强调部分如果是时间状语或地点状语,其引导词只能是that,而不能用when或where:强调时间状语时,若有否定词not.应提到从句前面。

(4)强调句可用来强调多种状语从句,但不能用来强调让步状语从句和比较状语从句;强调句可用来强调because引导的原因状语从句.但不能用来强调since和as引导的原因状语从句。

(5)在强调主语时,被强调的主语若是人称代词,一般用主格.that后的谓语动词应在人称、数上保持一致;强调的宾语是them时,them要改用those。

例句: 强调主语:It was he who met an old friend in the park yesterday.

强调宾语:It was an old friend who he met in the park yesterday. 强调地点状语:It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday. 强调时间状语:It was yesterday that he met an old friend in the park.

强调句型如把it is/was that 去掉,句子不缺任何成分。 注意not…until强调句型的变化。

She didn’t remember her appointment until she had arrived home.

It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment. 练习:

1. ________________________________________________(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form.

2. ____________________________________________(正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know

how to deal with the situation.

3. Professor Clark was a bit strict with us, __________________(但我们确实从他那里学到了很多).

(四) 常用搭配 influence on 对……的影响 impact on 对……的影响 nothing but 只有;只不过(=only) barrier to ……的障碍(=obstacle to) access to 通往……的路 answer to ……的答案;……的解决办法 solution to ……的解决办法 comment on 对……的评论 thanks to 由于/多亏了 be busy with 忙于…… be content with 对……满意 be in sympathy with 赞同,同情

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be satisfied with

be disappointed with sth. be popular with sb. be patient with sb. be fed up with sth. according to as for as to

at all costs/ at any cost at all events

at the cost/expense of ahead of at large account for

take into account act on

take advantage of

be entitled to(do)sth.

nothing but afford to do sth. feel like doing sth.

have trouble/difficulty (in)doing sth. adapt to / adjust to prefer A to B Judging from lest/ in case

Given sth. / Given that at ease with ease at any rate at a speed of at full speed at heart

对……感到满意 对……感到失望

受到某人的欢迎或喜欢 对某人有耐心

对……极其厌倦(=be tired of sth.) 根据……所说;按照 至于,就……方面说 至于,关于 不惜任何代价 无论如何 以……为代价

在……前面,先于;胜过 完全地;详尽地 说明(原因等);解释 考虑;重视 按照……而行动

趁……之机,利用(=make use of) 有权;有资格 除…之外,只有

(买)得起(某物);负担得起 想要做某事 做某事有困难 适应

与B相比更喜欢A 根据...判断 以防,以免 考虑到

自由自在;舒适,舒坦 容易地

无论如何;至少 以……的速度 以全速

在内心里;实质上

(五)综合练习

综合练习1:

1. I have had great deal of trouble ______________________________ (跟得上班上的其他同学).

2. The nation’s population continues to rise _______________________________ ( 以每年 1200 万人的速度).

3. (他把自己奉献于社区工作 ) _____________________________ and is passionate about what he is doing. 4. When Sandy recovered from cancer, her doctor _______________________________(把此归因于她坚定的信念).

5. What a lovely party! It's worth_____________________________________(牢记一生).

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综合练习2:

1. _____________________________________ (很多朋友不在), we decided to put the meeting off.

2. The report said that the sample water had too much lead in it, _______________________(可能对我们的健康有害).

3. His scientific works __________________________________________(在英语国家得到广泛阅读). 4. John cannot afford to go to the university, _____________________________(更不用说出国了).

5. Mark often______________________________________(试图逃脱罚款) whenever he breaks traffic regulations.

6. __________________________________(信不信由你), his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.

综合练习3:

1. Man should not exploit the natural resources ______________________________ (以牺牲其他物种为代价).

2. (这个计划成功的关键) ______________________________________________is good planning. 3. In the budget for this building, they failed to _______________________________(考虑价格增长的因素). 4. I didn ' t even speak to him, _____________________________(更不用说与他讨论事情).

5. He was disabled from birth, but he never felt frustrated, ________________________(也从未屈服于任何困难).

6. I don’t mind your__________________________(你延期做出决定) the decision as long as it is not too late. 7.__________________________________________ (直到失去健康) that people know the value of health. 8. His remarks left me _____________________________________(想知道他的真实目的).

9. If you had________________________________________________ (听从了我的劝告,你就不会陷入麻烦).

10. We'd better struggle for the future ______________________________________ (而不是为过去而懊悔) . (六)历年真题 06年6月

87. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble _____ _(找到去历史博物馆的路). 88. ___________________(为了挣钱供我上学), Mother often takes on more work than is good for her. . The professor required that __________________(我们交研究报告)。 90. The more you explain, _________________(我愈糊涂).

91. Though a skilled worker, _______________(他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis.

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06年12月

87. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to___(适应不同文化中的生活) 88. Since my childhood I have found that ___________(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力) . The victim___________ (本来有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. 90.Some psychologists claim that people_________ (出门在外时可能会感到孤独) 91.The nation’s population continues to rise_________ (以每年1200万人的速度) 07年6月

87. The finding of this study failed to _____________(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内). 88. The prevention and treatment of AIDS is ____________(我们可以合作的领域) . . Because of the leg injury, the athlete__________________(决定退出比赛).

90. To make donations or for more information, please ________(按以下地址和我们联系). 91. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning ______________(如果你方便的话). 07年12月

87. __________(多亏了一系列的新发明), doctors can treat this disease successfully. 88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that ______________(我比以前更容易累了). . I am going to pursue this course, _____________(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).

90. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because ____________(它更方便和省时)

91. Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _______________(用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn. 08年6月

87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research _____________. (能应用于新技术的开发) 88. I can’t boot my computer now. Something ____________(一定出了毛病) with its operation system. . Leaving one’s job, ____________________,(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring.

90.________________________,(与我成长的地方相比),this town is more prosperous and exciting. 91.__________________(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill. 08年12月

87. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems_________(他们至今还没有答案)

88. _________(大多数父母所关心的)is providing the best education possible for their children. . You’d better take a sweater with you ________(以防天气变冷)。

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90. Through the project, many people have received training and________(决定自己创业)。 91. The anti-virus agent was not known ____________(直到一名医生偶然发现了它)。 09年6月

87. Soon after he transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had____________(很难跟上班里的同学)in math and English.

88. If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary ____________(就不会被大雨淋湿了).

. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are____________(更有可能增加体重). 90. _______________(很多人所没有意识到的) is that Simon is a lover of sports. and football in particular. 91.Study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is____________(与缺乏锻炼密切相关) 09年12月

87. You would not have failed if you __________________________ (按照我的指令去做). 88. Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never ______________ (放弃对知识的追求). . Scientists agree that it will be a long time ______________(我们找到治愈癌症的方法).

90. Production has to be increased considerably to __________________(与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步).

91. The more exercise you take,________________________(你越不大可能得感冒). 10年6月

87. Because of noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty________(集中注意力在实验上) 88. The manager never laughed; neither________(她也从来没有发过脾气)。 . We look forward to____________________(被邀请出席开幕式).

90. It is suggested that the air conditioner ____________________(要安装在窗户旁边) 91. The 16 year old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite______(她父母的强烈反对) 10年12月

87. __________________(为了确认他参加会议), I called him up in advance. 88. The magnificent museum _______________ (据说建成于)about a hundred years ago. . There would be no life on earth _______________ (没有地球独特的环境)。 91. They requested that ______________ (我借的的书还回图书馆)by next Friday.

90. _______________(给游客印象最深的)was the friendliness and warmth of the local people. 11年6月

87. The university authorities did not approve the regulation, _____________________ (也没有解释为什么).

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88. Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that she _____________________ (能被分配做另一项工作).

. John rescued the drowning child _____________________ (冒着自己生命危险).

90. George called his boss from the airport but it _____________________ (接电话的却是他的助手). 91. Although he was interested in philosophy, _____________________ (他的父亲说服他) majoring in law.

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