大学英语III课程培训3答案及解析

大学英语III课程培训班学习材料（三）参及解析 2013-2014学年第二学期

Part I Writing

Do Mobiles Distract Study？

Wherever you are, you can see many people equipped with mobile phones. It seems that the world becomes smaller nowadays. And mobile phones are also becoming a new scene on campus.

Students think it is extremely convenient for them to communicate with the outside world by using mobile phones so that they call it an essential investment. Education experts analyze the entry of mobile phones into campus as an indication of social progress. The youth of today send messages, surf on the net, listen to music and even take photos by using their mobile phones. To some extent, it reflects that college students are more and more involved in this modern society, rather than pedants in the “Ivory Tower”.

As a coin has two sides, the mobile phone, while providing convenience, causes trouble too. In classrooms, the untimely ringing interrupts lectures and destroys the atmosphere of study, so it prompts many complaints. Therefore, we need to think more about how to integrate mobile phones properly into our lives. 【行文点评】

文章由现象到本质，分三个段落层次分明地对主题进行了论述。第一段由普遍现象进而引出话题，指出手机已经成为校园里的a new scene，说明讨论的内容是关于校园使用手机的问题。第二段中，作者从学生的角度切入，肯定了手机给生活带来的便利，引起学生的共鸣，为后面观点的提出作了很好的铺垫。此外，作者从专家的角度指出手机进入校园是社会进步的体现，增加说服力。第三段引出作者的观点，并举出校园实例论证自己的观点。最后用therefore总结全文，提出呼吁。

文章行文流畅，第二段采用了表达观点的常用句型：Students think …；Education experts analyze …使文章结构清晰。第三段用谚语a coin has two sides引出作者观点。最后一句：让手机适当地融入我们的生活，是对文章标题的有力回应，properly一词充分表明了作者对问题的认识以及建议。 【好文妙译】

无论你在何地，你都会看见许多人使用手机。如今，世界似乎越来越小了。而在大学校园里，手机也已经成为了一道新的风景。

学生们认为，手机可以让他们非常便利地与外界联系，所以他们认为这是个必要的投资。教育

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专家分析，手机进入校园是社会进步的体现。现在的年青人喜欢用手机发短信、上因特网、听音乐、甚至拍照。在某种程度上，这反映了大学生越来越融入这个现代社会，而不是待在“象牙塔”里的书呆子。

正如硬币都有两面一样，手机在提供方便的同时，也产生了一些问题。在教室里，不合时宜地响起的手机铃声不但打断了上课，而且破坏了学习的气氛，因此引起了诸多抱怨。因此，我们应该更多地想想如何使手机适当地融入我们的生活。 【词汇斟酌】

pedant n. 学究式人物

untimely a. 时间上不适当的，不适时的 integrate v. 使成整体，使一体化 【佳句临摹】 ①【注释】to some extent在某种程度上，

【临摹】To some extent, I am responsible for the delay.

某种程度上,我对拖延负有责任。

②【注释】integrate... into使…并入，使成为一体

【临摹】Many young people successfully integrated themselves into their new surroundings.

多年轻人成功地同新的环境打成一片。

【思如泉涌】

Whether you like it or not, the mobile phone has already affected our lives and played an important role in the history of human beings.

无论你喜不喜欢手机，它已经改变了我们的生活，并在人类历史上发挥着重要的作用。 Whatever you do, do with all your might. 不管做什么，都要一心一意。 Part II Vocabulary and Structure

1. Being ignorant of the law is not accepted as an ________ for breaking the law. A) excuse B) intention C) option D) approval

【答案：A】

参考译文：不懂法不能作为违法的借口

题目分析：本题是一个比较典型的非谓语动词的题目.其中句子的主语为Being ignorant of the law,是动名词作主语.这样的题目在翻译题目中是非常容易考到的.

考点解析：本题考查意思比较类似的四个动词意思的辨析.excuse一词大家经常用到的是它的动词的意思,本题主要考查它的名词的意思.approval一词由动词approve转化而来,注意其词性是名词,而不是形容词.

2. Within two days, the army fired more than two hundred rockets and missiles at military ________ in the coastal city. A) goals B) aims C) targets D) destinations

【答案：C】

参考译文：两天内向该沿海城市的军事目标发射了两百多枚火箭和导弹

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题目分析：本题题干的结构比较简单,是一个简单句.

考点解析：本题四个选项的词汇都表示目标的意思,据题考查的是对四个词汇所表达的意思的微小差别上.goal指人们心目中较为理想或遥远的目标,这类目标的完成需要投入大量时间和精力,但能否完成还不能确定.aim通常指做具体一件事的目的所在,或做该件事所想达到的结果.target的本意是靶子,引申为指标或攻击,言论的对象.destination是指人或物去往的目的地.根据题意可知该目标是火箭和导弹攻击的目标,选targets最为合适.

3. It is said in some parts of the world, goats, rather than cows, serve as a vital ________ of milk. A) storage B) source C) reserve D) resource

【答案：B】

参考译文：据说在世界上别的国家，山羊是重要的奶源而非奶牛. 题目分析：本题题干的结构比较简单，但是有三个地方需要注意，首先，注意固定搭配it is said...表示据说...的意思., rather than cows,是我们之前讲过的一个结构,插入结构.在这个插入结构中需要注意rather than这个词组,它是否定词组,也就是not的意思.在四六级阅读这种泛读性质的考题中,对一些比较细的词汇的理解对解题的正确与否有很大的关系.如果不知道rather than这个词的否定意思,就会把题目的意思弄反。

考点解析：由题目上下文的vital和of milk可知,所需填入的需是一个名词,所以对于B,C两项只需考虑它的名词意思.比较容易混淆的是source和resource,前者表示来源,后者表示资源不要弄混.

4. “This light is too ________ for me to read by. Don’t we have a brighter bulb some where”; said the elderly man. A) mild B) dim C) minute D) slight

【答案：B】

参考译文：这样的的灯光下读书对我来说太暗了.我们好象在什么地方有瓦数大点的灯泡吧. 题目分析：本题结构简单,只需注意结构too...for sb.to do sth.即可.

考点解析：本题根据上下文Don’t we have a brighter bulb some where中的brighter可以确定需填入与其提寺相反的单词,即dim. 注意：1)minute的形容词性的意思是我们不常见的,本题的提示部分给出了它的形容词词义,需要特别记一下. 2)mild一词的意思比较多,但是都是比较接近的意思,牢记.

5. We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be ________ and go another day. A) reliable B) probable C) feasible D) flexible

【答案：D】

参考译文：我们上星期五准备要去看电影，但是或许我们可以看情况，改天再去. 题目分析：本题结构比较简单,是一个简单句.

考点解析：本题四个选项都是一ible结尾的形容词,但意思的差别还是比较大的.根据题目的上下文,可以很容易的将答案选出.题目中由两个分句组成,第二个以but开头,表示与前半句是转折关系,而后半句中还有一个and将所选词和go another day连接在一起,两者是并列的关系,由此可知答案选flexible.

6. The chairman was blamed for letting his secretary ________ too much work last week. A) take to B) take out C) take away D) take on

【答案：D】

参考译文：由于上周让他的秘书做了那么多的工作而受到责备. 题目分析：本题的题干结构比较简单,句中for letting his secretary take on too much work last week.为原因状语. 考点解析：本题考查take与介词构成固定搭配的意思的辨析. 注意：take to+doing sth.

7. “You try to get some sleep. I’ll ________ the patient’s breakfast, “said the nurse. A) see to B) stick to C) get to D) lead to

【答案：A】

参：\"你去睡觉吧,我会照顾病人的早饭的.\"护士说.

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题目分析：本题的题干结构比较简单,是一个简单句.

考点解析：本题考查的是四个动词与介词to构成的固定搭配的意思,难度并不是很大.提醒大家要记住see， stick， get， lead四个词与其它的介词构成的固定搭配的意思.

8. The London Marathon is a difficult race.________, thousands of runners participate every year. A) Therefore B) Furthermore C) Accordingly D) Nevertheless

【答案：D】

参考译文：伦敦马拉松比赛挺有挑战性.尽管如此,每年都有成千上万的人参加.

考点解析：本题主要考查四个常见的连接副词的意思的区别，这种题目经常在完型填空中出现，要求考生根据前后文的逻辑关系，选择相应的连接副词。therefore的前后文为因果关系，furthermore递进关系，accordingly因果关系, nevertheless转折关系。另外，如果在作文中适当的应用一些连接副词，可以使文章更加完整通顺。

9. The bank refused to ________ him any money, so he had to postpone buying a house. A) credit B) borrow C) loan D) lease

【答案：C】

参考译文：由于银行拒绝贷款，他不得不推迟买房。

题目分析：本题题目结构比较简单,是一个因果关系的简单句。中华考试网(www．Examw。com) 考点解析：本题的四个选项是意思比较接近的单词,由题干中的线索词the bank和buying a house可以推断出选择含有贷款意思的词即loan.

注意：1)credit派生出来的意思比较多,credit to 表示把...归因于.

2)题干中的refuse也是四级考试中常考的词汇,其固定搭配refuse to do sth.

10. The more a nation’s companies ________ factories abroad, the smaller that country’s recorded exports will be. A) lie B) spot C) stand D) locate

【答案：D】

参考译文：国家在国外的工厂越多,外销记录就越小

题目分析：本题的题干是两个并列的结构,题干中包含一个结构,即：the+形容词比较级,the+形容词比较级.表示越...,越...的意思.考点解析： 由题干分析可知填入的词应为动词,所以需要考虑选项四个单词的动词的含义.由分析可知应该选择具有放置一丝的及物动词,由此可知应选择D

11.We are quite sure that we can ________ our present difficulties and finish the task according to schedule.

A) get across B) get over C) get away D) get off

【答案:B】

参考译文:我们很有把握可以克服当前的困难，按计划完成任务.

题目分析:本题题干的结构比较简单.只需注意一个句型:be sure that...确认...

考点解析:本题主要考察的是由get与介词构成的短语的意思的解析.分析题干可知,由标志词and可知需填入一个可以与our present difficulties构成动宾关系的结构,并与后半分句finish the task according to schedule意思上是并列的.据此可以确定选择表示克服意思的get over.get是考试中经常出现的动词,一定要了解它与介词搭

12.________ recent developments we do not think your scheme is practical. A) In view of B) In favor of C) In case of D) In memory of

【答案:A】

参考译文:以目前的发展状况来看，我们认为你的计划不现实.

题目分析:本题题干的结构比较简单,in view of recent developments为状语,we do not think your scheme is practical为句子的主干部分.

考点解析:本题的四个选项都是in ... of的短语结构,主要考察四个选项意思的区别.in view of和in case of与其它短语搭配一般均构成句中的状语.例如:In view of this, we'll start earlier.考虑到这点,我们将提早开始.In case of fire, open this safety door.一旦发生火灾时,打开这扇安全门.in favor of和in memory of均有动词的作用,例

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如:They will build a monument in memory of the national hero.他们将建造一座纪念碑来纪念这位民族英雄.We are in favor of fighting against piracy.我们支持打击盗版.

13.Jessica was ________ from the warehouse to the accounting office, which was considered a promotion.

A) delivered B) exchanged C) transferred D) transformed

【答案:C】

参考译文:杰西卡被从车间调到了会计室，这被认为是升职了.

题目分析:本题的题干中包含一个非限定性定语从句,which was considered a promotion.这个从句的先行词是前面的半个分句Jessica was transferred from the warehouse to the accounting office.

考点解析:本题考查对选项四个单词意思的辨析.由题干中的from...to...可以很快判断出选择transfer.

注意: 1)题干中的promotion一词是promote的名词形式.promote表示提升,提拔,发起,举办,宣传,推广,促成,帮助实现的意思.

2)exchange的搭配:exchange...for...以...换取... exchange...with(sb.)和(某人)换...

14.Mr. Smith asked his secretary to ________ a new paragraph in the annual report she was typing. A) inject B) install C) invade D) insert

【答案:D】

参考译文:史密斯先生让他的秘书在正打印的年度报告中再加入一个新的段落.

题目分析:本句包含一个定语从句she was typing,其先行词为the annual report.另外注意一个句型ask sb.to do sth.表示要求某人做某事.

考点解析:本题四个选项的单词都是以in为前缀而构成的,有不、无、非的意思.由题干中的in以及paragraph与report的提示可知应选择insert.insert...in...表示将...插入...的意思.

15.There’s the living room still to be ________, so that’s my next project. A) abandoned B) decorated C) dissolved D) assessed

【答案:B】

参考译文:起居室还没装修，那正是我下一步的计划

题目分析:本题的题干是有两个句子构成的，后一个句子由so引导.其中后一句子中的that指代前一个句子. 考点解析:本题主要考查四个选项单词意思.由题干中的the living room和project,可以很快选出表示装饰意思的decorate.

16.The old paper mill has been ________ to make way for a new shopping centre. A) held down B) kept down C) cut down D) torn down

【答案:D】

参考译文:古老的纸作坊应经被拆除用作建新的购物中心.

题目分析:本题题干结构简单,主句部分为The old paper mill has been torn down,后半句to make way for a new shopping centre为目的状语.

考点解析:本题的四个选项是动词与介词down构成的短语的意思的辨析.其中比较有难度,平时很少见到的是D选项,torn是动词tear的过去分词.tear做名词当眼泪讲,作动词为流泪,撕破,赶快的意思.由题干中的old paper mill和new shopping centre可知应该是拆除前者,建立后者,所以选择D.

17.It may be necessary to stop ________ in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.

A) at a distance B) at intervals C) at case D) at length

【答案:B】

参考译文:在学习过程中不时的停下来回顾课文中不同的难点是十分必要的。

题目分析:本题的题干中包含一个句型it is necessary to do sth.意思为做...是十分必要的.

考点解析:本题有一定的难度,那点主要在选项中前两个词组的意思上.根据题干中的标志词and,以及前后两个分句的逻辑意思,应该选择含有经常的,不时的意思的词语,所以选择B.

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18.You can hire a bicycle in many places. Usually you’ll have to pay a ________. A) deposit B) deal C) fare D) fond

【答案:A】

参考译文:在很多地方都可以租到自行车，通常，你要为此支付押金. 题目分析:本题的题干是两个结构比较简单的句子.

考点解析:本题主要考查表示费用的词所特制的对象的区别.根据题干中的hire一词,可知应选择表示租金或者押金意思的词,在考查四个选项,deposit表示定金,押金.fare表示车,船,飞机等的费用,票价.另外fee表示学费,报名费的意思.

PS:查了几个版本的真题,选项D都是fond,我觉得应该是fund,这样迷惑性更强.在这里把fund这个词的意思加进来吧,fund: 资金,基金,专款;(银行)存款.

19.My grandfather had always taken a ________ interest in my work, and I had an equal admiration for the stories of his time. A) splendid B) weighty C) vague D) keen

【答案:D】

参考译文:我爷爷总是对我的工作满怀热忱，我也同样钦佩他那个时代的故事 题目分析:本题的题干是由两个结构简单的句子构成的.

考点解析:本题是一道很典型的可以利用我说过的根据标志词方法解题的例子.本题的题干中有标志词and,可知前后两个句子是并列的关系,所以可以根据后半句的意思判断前半句中interest的修饰词的大致意思.后半句an equal admiration for the stories of his time.中的admiration以及选项中的四个形容词的意思,可以判断出应该选择D.至于选项的四个单词,重点记一下后两个,尤其是keen,这个词意思多,考试常有涉及.

20.________ quantities of water are being used nowadays with the rapid development of industry and agriculture.

A) Excessive B) Extensive C) Extreme D) Exclusive 【答案:A】

参考译文:当今，随着工业和农业的快速发展，水资源正在被大量利用.

题目分析: 本题题干比较简单,只需注意一下题干中的状语部分with the rapid development of industry and agriculture.这样的结构经过改写,可以很好的利用在作文中.当表示某种变化时,在前面可以加上这样的一个伴随的状语.例如:with the rapid development of social and economy,

考点解析:本题四个选项的词汇是形式相近的词语意思的辨析.根据伴随状语的意思,可以和快选出含有多的,大量的意思的词汇excessive.

21. Numerous studies already link the first meal of the day to better classroom ________. A) performance B) function C) behavior D) display

【答案:A】

参考译文:许多研究已经把早餐和良好的课堂表现联系在一起 题目分析:本题题干的结构比较简单,是一个简单句.

考点分析:本题主要考查选项四个名词的意思的辨析,而这四个词汇都是比较常见的单词. 注意: 1)display的词性除了名词还可以做动词,另外显示,表现这个词义容易被忽视,务必记住.

2)题干中的numerous为形容词,当修饰部单数名词时,翻译为为数众多的,大的,当修饰复数名词时,翻译为许多的意思。

3)题干中的固定搭配link...to...把...和...联系起来.

22. The most successful post-career athletes are those who can take the identity and life skills they learned in sports and ________ them to another area of life. A) utilize B) employ C) apply D) exert

【答案：C】

参考译文：最成功的退役运动员是那些把他们在体育中获得的经验、技巧应用于生活的其他方面的人. 题目分析：本题题干的结构比较复杂，首先提取主干，主语为The most successful post-career athletes，谓语

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为are，宾语为those，those后面跟有一个很长的定语从句who can take the identity and life skills they learned in sports and apply them to another area of life.该从句的先行词为those.在这个定语从句中又含着一个很短的定语从句,they learned,其先行词为the identity and life skills.本句话的结构非常复杂,大家务必搞清楚。 考点解析：我认为这道题是这一年中比较难的一道题,无论是题干所考察的语法结构,还是选项词汇都是很容易搞错的.

注意: 1)utilize是四级考试很容易出现的词汇,但考察的不会很深,只需知道它当利用讲就可以了.

2)employ一词除了大家都知道的雇用的意思以外,还可以做使用讲,在做“使用”讲时,宾语多是方法,时间,力量等较为抽象的词.

3)需要辨析apply和exert两个词.exert有施加,应用的意思,其宾语往往较为抽象,如影响,权威,压力等,施加应用的力度较强,并期望达到特定的目的.apply的意义较为广泛,有申请,专心于等意思,在做应用讲时,主要指将某种事物,如规则,系统,技巧等,应用到另外的场合或者具体的行动当中,或应用于一项特定用途.

23. The technological advances made it possible for the middle classes to enjoy what had once been ________ only to the very rich.

A) manageable B) measurable C) acceptable D) affordable

【答案:D】

参考译文:科技的进步使得中产阶级可以享受以前只有非常富有的人才能负担的东西。

题目分析:本题题干结构比较复杂,注意一个句式和一个语法现象.一个句式是make it possible for sb.to do sth.意思为使某人做某事成为可能.语法现象是本句包含一个名词性从句,即:what had once been affordable only to the very rich.what引导的名词性从句一般翻译为...的,本句中的名词性从句可翻译为非常富有的人才能负担的,再根据翻译的增词法,在后面加上\"东西\使句子的意思完整.

考点解析:其实本题的难度并不是很高,选项中的词汇的意思乍看起来很难,但只要大家知道英语词法中的一个规律,此题就将迎刃而解.在英语中,在动词后面加able后缀,构成一个形容词,可以翻译为\"可以...的\".知道了这个规律,只要知道了名词的意思,也就不难知道那个形容词的意思了.

另外,根据选项前的only to the very rich,可以知道应该选affordable才符合题意.

24. Being out of work, lane can no longer ________ friends to dinners and movies as she used to. A) urge B) treat C) appeal D) compel

【答案:B】

参考译文:因为失业了，Lane不再象以往那样招待他的朋友用餐和看电影。

题目分析:本题题干的结构比较简单,只需注意剧中的两个状语Being out of work,as she used to.

考点解析:本题主要考查选项四个词汇意思的辨析.四个词语均可以使用*(代表动词)sb. to do sth.的结构.其中treat sb.to do sth.这一结构不太常见,其意思为招待某人...,款待某人...

25. ________ by the superstars on television, the young athletes trained hard and played intensely. A) Imitated B) Imposed C) Insured D) Inspired

【答案:D】

参考译文:被电视上的超级巨星所鼓舞，这个年轻的运动员刻苦训练认真比赛。

题目分析:本题的结构比较简单,但是却包含一个很重要的语法现象-非谓语动词.句中的前半句inspired by the superstars on television为分词短语作状语.

考点解析:本题考查形式比较接近的四个词汇意思的辨析.虽说形式接近,但这四个词汇都是平时比较常见的词汇,也是四级考试中较常考到的词汇,有时会作为考察词汇,有时会作为干扰项(尤其注意imitate与别的词语放在一起的辨析).

注意:impose一词搭配,impose sth.on sb.意思为把...强加给...

26. Although they lost their jobs, savings and unemployment benefits allow the couple to ________ their comfortable home. A) come in for B) catch up with C) look forward to D) hold on to

【答案:D】

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参考译文:尽管他们失去了工作，存款额和失业保障允许这对夫妇依然坚持过舒服的生活。

题目分析:题干结构比较简单,Although they lost their jobs为状语,savings and unemployment benefits allow the couple to hold on to their comfortable home.为主句.

考点解析:本题主要考查四个选项的词组的意思,像这种由动词与两个介词组成的短语要特别注意. 注意: 1)benefit为四级比较容易考到的词汇,注意他的词性,即可作名词也可以作动词. 2)本题题干中出现的allow sb. to do sth.句型.

27. Although many experts agree that more children are overweight, there is debate over the best ways to ________ the problem. A) relate B) tackle C) file D) attach

【答案:B】

参考译文:尽管很多专家同意更多的孩子过度肥胖，对于处理问题最好的方式仍然在争论。

题目分析:本题题干前半句Although many experts agree that more children are overweight为状语,注意词句中有一个由agree引导的宾语从句.后半句为主句。

考点解析:本题考查的是四个选项中可以和the problem搭配的动词,并且应该是一个及物动词,由此确定答案为B

注意: 1)题干中出现的expert的词性,既可以做名词也可以做形容词.

2)relate这个词有两种搭配,即A relate to B表示A与B有联系,A relate with B表示把A和B联系起来.无比区分这两种搭配在意思上的区别.

3)attach的固定搭配:be attached to 表示附属于;依恋于.

28. An important factor in determining how well you perform in an examination is the ________ of your mind. A) state B) case C) situation D) circumstance

【答案:A】

参考译文:决定你在考试中表现好坏的重要因素就是你的心境。

题目分析:本题的结构比较简单,只不过主语部分比较长.本句的主语为An important factor in determining how well you perform in an examination,主语的中心语是factor,其后的部分是对factor的修饰. 考点解析:本题主要是考察表示心境意思的固定搭配,由此不难选出state. 注意: 1)circumstance特指某事或某动作发生时的情况. 2)situation指与他事物相关时的位置.

29. Research shows that there is no ________ relationship between how much a person earns and whether he feels good about life. A) successive B) subsequent C) significant D) sincere

【答案:C】

参考译文:研究表明一个人赚多少钱和幸福感之间的联系没有重要联系。

题目分析:本题的题干为由show引导的同位语从句,从句为there be句型,注意句型relationship between...and...,表示...和...之间的联系.

考点解析:本题主要考查对四个选项的词汇的意思的辨析以及与relationship的搭配.

注意: 1)对于选项A,应记住一串词汇,succeed(v.继承,接替)--succession(n.接替,继任;接续,连续)--successive(a.连接的,连续的)--successor(n.接替人,继承人)

2)对于选项D,一般在书信写作的最后都是用该词的副词形式,写做yours sincerely.

30. Sadly, as spending on private gardens has ________, spending on public parks has generally declined.

A) heightened B) lifted C) flown D) soared

【答案:D】

参考译文:让人难过的是，随着在私人花园花费的上升，在公园上的花费却在下降

题目分析:题干中前后两个分句的结构比较类似,前半句是由as引导的状语,后半句为主句.前后两个分句的都

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是分词短语作主语,前半句的主语为spending on private gardens,后半句为spending on public parks.

考点解析:本题主要考查的是对四个选各项词汇意思的辨析.题干中前后两个分句的结构比较类似,根据标志次sadly,可以判断出所填的词语的意思和decline相反,由此不难选出答案. 注意:soar这个词是很少考到的,大家只须记住他的意思即可.

Part III Reading Comprehension

Passage One

Merchant and passenger ships are generally required to have a life preserver for every person

aboard and in many cases, a certain percentage of smaller sizes for children. According to United States requirements, life preservers must design,reversible capable of being quickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual, and must be so designed as to support the wearer in the water in an upright or slightly backward position.

Sufficient buoyancy(浮力) to support the wearer should be retained by the life preserver after 48hours in the water, and it should be reliable even after long period of storage. Thus it should be made of materials resistant to sunlight, gasoline, and oils, and it should be not easily set on fire. The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious.

The method of adjustment to the body should be simple, and self-evident to uninitiated persons even in the dark under the confused conditions, which follow a disaster. Thus, the life be reversible that it is nearly impossible to get it on wrong. Catches, straps, and ties should be kept to a minimum. In addition, the life preserver must be adjustable to the wide variety of shapes and sizes of wearers, since this greatly affects the position of floating and the self-righting qualities. A suitable life also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water while trying to swim.

31. The passage is mainly about____. A) the uses of life preservers B) the design of life preservers C) the materials for life preservers D) the buoyancy of life preservers

32. According to the passage, a life be first of all ____. A) adjustable B) comfortable C) self-evident D) self-righting 33. United States Coast Guard does NOT require the life preserver to be made ____. A) with as few strings as possible

B) capable of being worn on both sides C) according to each wearer's size D) comfortable and light to wear

34. By “the uninitiated individual” (Para. 1, Line. 4) the author refers to the person ____. A) who has not been instructed how to use a life preserver B) who has a little experience in using a life preserver C) who uses a life preserver without permission D) who becomes nervous before a disaster

35. What would happen if a person were supported by the life preserver in a wrong position? A) The waves would move him backwards.

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B) The water would choke him.

C) He would immediately sink to the bottom. D) He would be exhausted or unconscious. 【答案与解析】

31. B 【文章主要讲述了救生衣的设计。间接题型段首主旨题。C项和D项都是对救生衣设计中设计材料的说明。A项为陷阱，指救生衣的用途，尽管开头提到，但范围不着边际。故只有B是正确选项。】 32. D 【根据文章，救生衣首先会自动扶正。事实细节题。本文第三段主要讨论救生衣落水位置，应设计的能“自动扶正”,或稍向后仰。B项是对材料的描述，范围太窄，而A和C不合题意，因此D是正确答案。】

33. C 【美国海岸巡逻队不需要救生衣根据穿戴者的尺寸生产。事实细节题。A项和B项都涉及method，其相关部分见最后一段第三句，A，B，D三项都是文章中提及的，C项与本题无关的内容，因此应该选C。】

34. A 【“the uninitiated individual”作者指的是不知道怎么使用救生衣的人。语义指代题。根据文章最后一段第一句，我们可推出“the uninitiated individual”就是指的那些不知道怎么使用救生衣的人。故A是正确选项。】

35. D 【如果一个人没有正确使用救生衣，就会发生什么?细节辨别题。第三段第一句后半句中a face-down position和本题中的 in a wrong position相对应。因此选项D“他可能太累了或者是已经失去知觉”是正确答案。】 【重点英语单词】

reliable [ri'laiəbl] adj. 可靠的，可信的

encourage [in'kʌridʒ] vt. 鼓励，促进，支持

merchant ['mə:tʃənt] n. 商人，店主，专家 adj. 商业的 variety [və'raiəti] n. 多样，种类，杂耍

impossible [im'pɔsəbl] adj. 不可能的，做不到的 adjustment [ə'dʒʌstmənt] n. 调整

unconscious [ʌn'kɔnʃəs] adj. 失去知觉的 tendency ['tendənsi] n. 趋势，倾向

storage ['stɔridʒ] n. 贮藏，存储，保管，保管费，仓库，[计]存储器 gasoline ['gæsəli:n] n. 汽油

Passage Two

When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live

up to the manufacturer's claims, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not,there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction. A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up” his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.

Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.

Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear” is better than “This stereo does not work”. The store manager may advice the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should dot his, stating the

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complaint as politely and firmly as possible. If a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go to a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumer's rights.

36. When a consumer finds that his or her in it, the first thing he or she should do is to ____. A) complain personally to the manager B) threaten to take the matter to court

C) write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase D) show some written proof of the purchase to the store

37. How can a consumer make his or her complaint more effective, according to the passage? A) Explain exactly what is wrong with the item. B) Threaten to take the seller to court.

C) Make polite and general statements about the problem. D) Avoid having direct contact with the store manager.

38. According to the passage, which of the following is suggested as the last alternative that consumers may turn to?

A) Complain to the store manager in person. B) Complain to the manufacturer.

C) Write a complaint letter to the manager.

D) Turn to the Consumers’ Rights Protection Organization for help. 39. The phrase “live up to” in this context means ____. A) meet the standard of B) realize the purpose of C) fulfill the demands of D) keep the promise of 40.The passage tells us __________.

A) how to settle a consumer’s complaint about a faulty item B) how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item C) how to avoid buying a faulty item

D) how to deal with complaints from customers 【答案与解析】

36. D 【当顾客发现自己所购买的商品有问题时，他所做的第一件事就是出示在商场购物的凭具。事实辨析题。文章第一段指明，顾客购买了有瑕疵的商品后，首先应出示在某商场购买某商品的相关记录或证明。故选项D正确。】

37. A 【为了使投诉更加有效，应当指出商品的问题所在。事实辨析题。根据第四段第一句话，最有效的投诉方式是指出所购商品的具体问题，故选项A正确。】

38. D 【文章表明：消费者最后的处理方向就是向消费者权益保护组织求助。事实辨析题。文章最后一段指出，顾客购买了有瑕疵的商品后，可以向销售者或生产者投诉，如得不到满意答复，可以进一步向消费者权益保护组织反映。故选项D正确。】

39. A 【达到标准。词汇题。文中“does not live up to the manufacturer’s claims”中的live up to意为“没有达到……的标准”。故选项A正确。】

40. B 【文章告诉我们怎样对有瑕疵的商品进行有效投诉。主旨题。本文主要说明顾客在购买了有瑕疵的商品后如何进行最有效的投诉，故选项B正确。】 【重点英语单词】

phrase [freiz] n. 短语，习语，个人风格，乐句 vt.

claim [kleim] n. 要求，要求权;主张，断言，声称;要求物

satisfaction [.sætis'fækʃən] n. 赔偿，满意，妥善处理，乐事，确信 settle ['setl] v. 安顿，解决，定居

acceptable [ək'septəbl] adj. 合意的，受欢迎的，可接受的

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faulty ['fɔ:lti] adj. 有错误的，有缺点的 avoid [ə'vɔid] vt. 避免，逃避

effective [i'fektiv] adj. 有效的，有影响的

produce [prə'dju:s] n. 产品，农作物 vt. 生产，提出，

alternative [ɔ:l'tə:nətiv] adj. 两者择一的; 供选择的; 非主流的

Passage Three

Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards,from warm praise to old cash, affect motivation and creativity.Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school.Some other researchers who study various aspects of mental life, maintain those rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.

The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks in grade-school children suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal Personality and Social Psychology.

“If they know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Esenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “Butit's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.” A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Esenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore falling grades.

In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economics, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.

41. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward ____. A) the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards B) the appropriate amount of external rewards C) the study of relationship between actions and

D) the effects of external rewards on students' performance

42. What is the view held by many educators concerning external rewards for students? A) They approve of external rewards. B) They don't think external rewards.

C) They have doubts about external rewards.

D) They believe external rewards can motivate small children, but not college students.

43. According to the result of the study mentioned in the passage, what should educators do to stimulate motivation and creativity?

A) Give rewards for performances which deserve them. B) Always promise rewards.

C) Assign tasks which are not very challenging.

D) Be more lenient to students when mistakes are made.

44. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe ____.

A) rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students’ B) punishment is more effective than rewarding

C) failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards

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D) discouraging the students anticipation for easy rewards is matter of urgency 45.Which of the following facts about “token economics” is not correct? A) Students are assigned challenging tasks. B) Rewards are given for good performances.

C) Students are evaluated according to the effort they put into the task. D) With token economics, students’ creativity can be enhanced. 【答案与解析】

41. D 【心理学家认为外界的奖励对学生会有不同的影响。事实辨析题。根据文章第一句话“Psychologists take opposing views of how external re wards, from warm praise to old cash, affect motivation and creativity”可知，心理学家的分歧在于来自外界的奖励对学生的积极性和创造性究竟有什么影响，故选项D正确.】

42. C 【许多教育家对外界的奖励持怀疑态度。文章第二段第一句话提到，后一种观点得到了许多教育工作者的支持，从第一段中可知，后一种观点是：奖励会促使学生对别人的赞许和馈赠产生依赖心理，因此奖励会破坏创造精神。由此可知，他们对奖励的正面作用持怀疑态度。故选项C正确。】

43. A 【根据文中的研究结果表明，教育家通过给予学生应得的奖励来提高他们的积极性和创造性。文章第三段指出，给予学生恰当的奖励，可使他们发挥更大的创造性，但如果对糟糕的表现也给予奖励，或让学生对奖励有太多的期许，反而会扼杀创造性。故选项A正确。】

44. B 【从文中可以得知，一些重点大学试图加强等级标准，因为他们相信惩罚比奖励更有效。事实辨析题。从文中第四段可知，许多大学之所以严格考试的评分标准，是因为“A teacher ... who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students”。选项B 与此意相同。】

45. C 【根据学生的表现对他们作出评价。事实辨析题。根据最后一段的意思，在这种奖励制度下，要根据学生的表现对他们做出评价，而不仅仅是他们花费了多少精力来完成任务，故选项C正确。】

【重点英语单词】

appropriate [ə'prəupriət] adj. 适当的，相称的 anticipation [æn.tisi'peiʃən] n. 预期，预料 deserve [di'zə:v] vi. 应该得到 vt. 应受，值得

performance [pə'fɔ:məns] n. 表演，表现; 履行，实行 psychologist [sai'kɔlədʒist] n. 心理学家 urgency ['ə:dʒənsi] n. 紧急(的事)

monetary ['mʌnəteri] adj. 货币的，金融的

stimulate ['stimjuleit] vt. 刺激，激励，鼓舞 vi. 起刺激 achievement [ə'tʃi:vmənt] n. 成就，成绩，完成，达到

challenging ['tʃælindʒiŋ] adj. 大胆的(复杂的，有前途的，挑战的)

Passage Four 参考译文

Classified advertising is that advertising which is grouped incertain sections of the paper and is thus distinguished from display advertising. Such groupings as “Help Wanted”, “Real Estate”, “Lost and Found” are made, the rate charged being less than for display advertising. Classified advertisements are a convenience to the reader and a saving to the advertiser.

The reader who is interested in a particular kind of advertisement finds all advertisements of that type grouped for him. The advertisers may, on this account, use a very

small advertisement if it were placed among larger advertisements in the paper. It is evident that the reader approaches the classified advertisement in a different frame of mind from that in which he approaches the other advertisements in the paper. He turns to a page of classified advertisements to

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search for the particular advertisement that will meet his needs.

As his attention is voluntary, the advertiser does not need to rely too much extent on display type to get the reader’s attention. Formerly all classified advertisements were of the same size and did not have display type. With the increase in the number of such advertisements, however, each advertiser within a certain group is competing with others in the same group for the reader’s attention. In many cases, the result has been an increase in the size of the space used and the addition of headlines and pictures. In that way, the classified advertisement has in reality advertisement. This is particularly true of real estate advertising?

46. All of the following facts are advantages of classified advertisement for advertisers EXCEPT that____.

A) classified advertisement charges less money

B) it is easier to attract the attention of the target consumers C) it provides more information for the readers D) it does not have to rely too much on display type

47. One of the examples given of types of classified advertisement is ____ A) houses for sale B) people who are asking for help C) people who are lost D) job vacancies

48. What sort of attitude do people have when they look at classified advertisement, according tothe writer?

A) They are in the frame of mind to buy anything. B) They are looking for something they need.

C) They feel lost because there are so many advertisements.

D) They feel the same as when they look at display advertisements.

49. According to the passage, in which way have the classified advertisements changed nowadays? A) They depend more on display type. B) More money is charged for them. C) They are divided into more groups. D) They are less formal.

50. Why have classified advertisements changed in appearance? A) Because people no longer want headlines and pictures. B) Because real estate advertising is particularly truthful now.

C) Because the increase in the number of such advertisements means they have to be small now. D) Because there are more advertisements now and more competition among advertisers. 【答案与解析】

46. C 【分类广告的优越性不包括为读者提供更多的信息。事实辨析题。从文中可看出，分类广告的优越性在于收费低、无需很多的展现形式，以及更易吸引对某类广告感兴趣的读者的注意力，因此A，B，D都正确。文中唯独没有提到C。】

47. A 【房地产业就是分类广告的其中一块。细节题。本题考察对“Real Estate”的理解，它的意思是“房地产”，故选项A 正确。】

48. B 【当读者看分类广告时，他们会搜索自己需要的信息。事实辨析题。从文中可知，读者在看分类广告时和看展示广告的注意力的模式是不一样的，他们会去浏览自己感兴趣的类别，查找所需信息。故选项B正确。】

49. A 【根据文章，分类广告更多地依赖展现形式。推断题。文章最后指出，由于竞争的加剧，分类广告商们不得不用大标题和图片来吸引读者的注意力。故选项A正确。】

50. D 【因为现在更多广告的投入和广告商之间的竞争日益加剧，所以分类广告不断变化形式。事实辨析题。文中指出，分类广告的变化是由于“With the increase in the number of such

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advertisements,however, each advertiser within a certain group is competing with others in the same group for the reader’s attention”，故选项D正确。】 【重点英语单词】

convenience [kən'vi:njəns] n. 适宜，便利，便利设施，方便的时间，舒适 distinguished [di'stiŋgwiʃt] adj. 卓著的，尊敬的 except [ik'sept] v t. 除，除外 prep. & con

voluntary ['vɔləntəri] adj. 自愿的，志愿的

extent [iks'tent] n. 广度，宽度，长度，大小，范围，范围，程度 addition [ə'diʃən] n. 增加，附加物，加法

frame [freim] n. 框，结构，骨架 v. 构成，把 .

display [di'splei] n. 显示，陈列，炫耀 vt. 显示，表示 truthful ['tru:θfəl] adj. 诚实的，真实的 estate[is'teit] n. 财产，房地产，状态，遗产 Part IV Cloze

In a telephone survey of more than 2, 000 adults, 21% said they believed the sun revolved (旋转)around the earth. An __51__ 7% did not know which revolved around__52__. I have no doubt that__53__all of these people were__54__in school that the earth revolves around the sun；__55__may even have written it __56__ at test. But they never__57__their incorrect mental models of planetary (行星的)__58__because their every day observations didn’t support __59__ their teachers told them: People see the sun moving __60__ the sky as morning turns to night，and the earth seems stationary (静止的)__61__ that is happening.

Students can learn the right answers __62__ heart in class，and yet never combined them__63__their working models of the world. The objectively correct answer the professor accepts and the____personal understanding of the world can__65__side by side，each unaffected by the other.

Outside of class，the student continues to use the__66__model because it has always worked well__17__that circumstance. Unless professors address__68__errors in students’personal models of the world, students are not__69__to replace them with the __70__ one. 51. [A] excessive [B] extra [C] additional [D] added 52. [A] what [B] which [C] that [D] other 53. [A] virtually [B] remarkably [C] ideally [D] preferably 54. [A] learned [B] suggested [C] taught [D] advised 55. [A] those [B] these [C] who [D] they 56. [A] on [B] with [C] under [D] for 57. [A] formed [B] altered [C] believed [D] thought 58. [A] operation [B] position [C] motion [D] location 59. [A] how [B] which [C] that [D] what 60. [A] around [B] across [C] on [D] above 61. [A] since [B] so [C] while [D] for 62. [A] to [B] by [C] in [D] with 63. [A] with [B] into [C] to [D] along . [A] adult's [B] teacher's [C] scientist's [D] student's 65. [A] exist [B] occur [C] survive [D] maintain 66. [A] private [B] individual [C] personal [D] own 67. [A] in [B] with [C] on [D] for

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68. [A] general [B] natural [C] similar [D] specific 69. [A] obliged [B] likely [C] probable [D] partial 70. [A] perfect [B] better [C] reasonable [D] correct 【参考译文】

在对2000多位成年人进行的电话调查中，有21%人说他们认为太阳是围绕地球旋转的。另有7%的人不知道究竟哪个围绕哪个转。我毫不怀疑实际上所有这些人在学校里都曾学过地球是围绕太阳转的，他们甚至还在考卷上写过。但是他们却从来没有改变他们头脑里的关于行星运行的不正确模式，因为他们每天观察到的情况和老师教给他们的并不一致：人们看到的是太阳从早到晚横越天空，而与此同时，地球却似乎是静止的。

学生可以在课堂上记住正确的答案，但从不将其与他们头脑里的世界运转模式结合起来。教授所接受的客观上正确的答案与学生对世界的个人理解并存着，互不影响。

在课外，学生仍然运用自己头脑里的固有模式，因为它们在那个环境里总是行得通的。除非教授们指出学生们对世界模式个人认识上的具体错误，否则学生们不太可能运用正确的认识来取代它们。 【解析】

51. [C] 语境词汇题。四个答案都有“额外”的意思，但各有偏重。[A] 重在表达“过量、超过正常的部分”；[B] 是“在一类事物之外的额外部分”；[D] 是“外加的”。因此只有[C] 答案符合本题要求：“另外有7%的人不知道是谁绕着谁转。” 52. [B] 语法结构题。如上题所述，句中已有which，要表达“不知谁绕着谁转”的意思，只能选[B] 。 53. [A] 语境词汇题。virtually“实际上地”；remarkably“很明显地”；ideally“理想地”；preferably“更适宜地”。从句意来看，只能选[A] 。

54. [C] 语境词汇题。本句意：实际上，这些人在学校都学过地球绕着太阳转的。本句谓语用的是被动语态，故答案为[C] 。

55. [D] 语法结构题。本题考代词。承接上句，此处应为直接代替上句中所提到的人们，所以用they。

56. [A] 固定搭配题。此题考查固定搭配write on“记下，写下”。

57. [B] 语境词汇题。由句中incorrect mental models一处可获得提示，“不正确的模型应该得到更正”，因此，此题选[B] 是正确答案。

58. [C] 语境词汇题。此句句意为：“但他们不肯改变脑海里错误的行星运动模式。”根据语义判断，只有motion符合句意。选项中position和location都是表示静止位置的词，而行星是在不断运动中的，因此不能选。

59. [D] 语法结构题。语法上，本题缺少的是宾语从句的引导词，在从句中作宾语，并具有自己的意义。因此，只有[D] what才符合题意。

60.[B] 语法结构题。本题缺少一个介词，本句意为：“人们看到太阳越过天际，因此有了日夜更替。”能和天空搭配，并体现运动感的介词只有[B] across。

61.[C] 语法结构题。本题考连词。句意为：“当这一切发生的时候，地球仿佛是静止的。”因此应选[C] while。

62.[B] 语法结构题。by heart意为“用心熟记”；in heart意为“兴高采烈”，其他并无固定搭配选项。故应选[B] 答案。

63.[A] 语法结构题。combine sth. with sth.（将某物与某物结合起来）。故此选[A] 。

.[D] 语境词汇题。根据文章意思，教授所提供的正确答案应该是和学生对于世界的个人理解并存。故此处应选[D] 。

65.[A] 语境词汇题。如上题所述，表示存在的选项即为[A] 。occur“发生”；survive“存活”；maintain“维持”。

66.[C] 语境词汇题。在课外，学生仍使用他们自己脑中的模型。[A] 强调“私人的”；[B] 指“个体的”；[D] 前应为形容词性的人称代词；唯有[C] 可以表达主观的“个人想法”之意。故此，选

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[C] 。

67.[A] 语法结构题。能和环境circumstance一词搭配的只有[A] in。

68.[D] 语境词汇题。意为：“除非教师指出学生世界观模式中的某个错误，学生是不可能摒弃自己的观点，而认可正确观点的。”由此可知，错误应是具体的，所以选[D] 。

69.[B] 语境词汇题。参照上题，表示“不可能”的词组只有[B] 符合be likely to do的搭配。

70.[D] 语境词汇题。参照18题，与原来错误的模型相反，当然是正确的模型。故答案为[D] 。

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